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DPT POULTRY - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Avian Influenza
      - New Castle
    - - Severe catarrhal tracheitis
      - Secondary E.coli infection, Coliobacilosis
    - - Different strains (always mutating)
        
        damage the developing oviduct resulting in internal layers.
        
        Cystic structures in Fallopian tube
        
        Eggs in abdomen
        
        Damage to URT
        
        Conjunctivitis
        
        Tracheitis
        
        Respitratpry stridor
        
        interstitial nephritis (wet litter) & Diarrhoea
    - - Ask for dead, fresh dead and sick live birds
      - SCREEN TEST: histopath of the trachea and caecaltonsils
      - DEFINITE: fresh for PCR:trachea, caecaltonsils and KIDNEY, differentiate between field/vaccine strain
      - Paired serology or slaughter serology
    - - Shell abnormalities: white eggs
      - drop in egg production
      - drop in internal egg quality: watery eggs
  - - - Avian Influenza
      - IBD
    - - Ask for dead, fresh dead and sick live birds
      - DEFINITE➔Trachea, caecaltonsils and brain fresh PCR→can differentiate between field & vaccine strain
      - Screen test ➔Histopathof the trachea and caecaltonsils (Formalin
      - Virus isolation in Embryonated chicken eggs or in tonsils and trachea
      - Paired serology -HI/ELISA
    - - necrosis of duodenaal GALT ⭐
      - Tracheitis (Haemorrhagic), never normal, moist
      - Proventricularhaemorrhage / Gizzard border seen in non-immunized bird
      - Haemorrhage & Necrosis ➔Caecaltonsils
    - - Paramyxovirus
        
        VELOGENIC
        
        green diarrhoea
        
        MESOGENIC
        
        LENTOGENIC
  - - - fibrino-heaemorrhagic tracheitis
      - caseous fibrin plug in the trachea or pharynx / bloody exudate, choke to death
      - Conjunctivitis
    - - Alpha Herpes virus, life long carrier
    - - Trachea for histopath
        
        first 2-3 days (early stages) will see syncytia (rafts of epithelial cells with IN Inclusion bodies
      - Trachea for PCR
        
        Helps ID the type of ILT, vaccine strain vs field strain
    - - Vaccination- vaccinate ALL! (Increased virulence)
  - - - Paramyxoviridae
    - - Layers
      - Broilers
        
        Sinusitis, cellulitis -> impeding feed intake
        
        Tracheitis
        
        Conjunctivits
      - Poor growth
    - - New Castle (swollen head, bad quality eggs)
  - - - Dry Form
      - Wet Form
    - - ILT
    - - Bollinger bodies on histopath
  - - - New Castle
      - Pneumovirus
      - Blood parasite: Egyptionella, Free range backyard farming
    - - Virus Isolation: Trachea or cloacal swabs, allantoic cavity or embryonated eggs
      - Allantoic fluid tested for HA activity
      - Fresh Trachea, spleen, cecal tonsils for PCR
      - Histopath: Trachea, spleen and cecal tonsils, will see necrosis in formalin
    - - HPAI
        
        Cyanotic congested combs and wattles
        
        petechial haemorrhage in caecal tonsils, epicardium, abdominal fat and occasionally the muscles.
      - LPAI: Breeder
        
        Swollen heads, haemorrhage and oedema of ovaries
      - loss of egg shells, shell pigment, production drops and egg peritonitis (probably secondary)
    - - Orthomyxoviridae (Influenza A)
      - HPAI-highly pathogenic Avain Influenza H5, H7 & H9
      - LPAI (Limited pathogenic avian influenza) - limited to respiratory tract, Layers and broilers
  - - - Lymphotrophic herpesvirus (T cells)
    - - Classic Form
        
        Demyelination of Brachial plexus + Femoral Nerve
      - Acute / Visceral Form
    - - Long lived birds- Breeders + layers
    - - Vaccination at Day 1
        
        Prevents visceral form
    - - RT-PCR: Low virus = vaccination
  - - - Adenovirus
    - - Histopath of Liver: IN inclusion body + hepatic necrosis (typical)
      - Fresh liver for PCR + Serotyping
    - - Autogenous vaccine
- - - - Mycoplasma synoviae
        
        MD
      - Mycoplasma gallisepticum
        
        MD