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9 Surah At Tawbah - The Repentance - Coggle Diagram
9 Surah At Tawbah - The Repentance
Background
two names
At Tawbah
- The Repentance
announces that the repentance of Muslims has been accepted
Al - Bara'at
- The Disavowal
announces freedom from any responsibility for the disbelievers
Omission of
Bismillah
in the beginning
only such surah in the Qura'n
many different opinions for the underlying reason
the Holy Prophet himself ﷺ did not dictate it at the beginning of the Surah. Therefore the Companions did not prefix it and their successors followed them.
announcement of termination of the pledge of peace and protection given to disbelievers, not aligned with the reminder of Allah's Mercy
revelation timeline
113 out of 114 in the order of revelation
after the conquest of Makkah
v 60. Spending in Allah's way
eight types of recipients of zakat revealed by Allah swt
8 areas of Zakat distribution
The poor
The absolutely destitute
zakat collectors (appointed by Islamic State)
for inclining hearts toward Islam
freeing slaves
to help out of debt
in the way of Allah
the needy traveler
to clarify that the Holy Prophet ﷺ only complies with the Divine decree while disbursing charities, doing nothing on his own or with his personal opinion.
peace treaties with the various groups of
polytheists
for a certain fixed time period
v4. treaty with this group will continue until that specified term
who violated an existing agreement e.g. treaty of Hudabiya
the treaty is also considered immediately broken from the Muslim’s side
v5. since this was the period of 'sacred months' during which fighting and killing was forbidden by Allah, believers ordered to hold fighting them till after the sacred months have passed
v28. What happens after the end of sacred months?
either leave the Islamic State peacefully
or embrace Islam
or be prepared to face war
v 14,15. wisdom of fighting the kuffar of Makkah
Allah will use the believer's hands to punish them
disgrace the disbelievers and grant victory to the believers
soothe the aching of the hearts of the believers
remove the rage of their hearts
indefinite term
v2. grace period of four months
no treaty
respite of four months
What happens after the end of the grace period?
v6. If someone from among the disbelievers seeks temporary asylum then grant it
let them listen to the Word of Allah
once done, escort him under full protective arrangements to the place where he considers himself safe
accept Islam
leave
dar ul Islam
v3- the public proclamation was made in the great gathering of the Hajj of the Hijrah year 9 at Mina and ` Arafat.
changes coming ahead
v17, 18 worthy caretakers of House of Allah
Believes in Allah and last day
establishes salah
gives zakah
only fears Allah
v28. Mushriks forbidden entry to Masjid ul Haram from next year
v 36,37. understanding of months and years
12 months in total
no more increasing count of months
4 sacred months
Dhul Qa'da, Dhul Hijjah, Muharram and Rajab
no more
Nasī’
- postponement of sacred months
addressing the believers
v41. call to Jihad in the way of Allah
strive with wealth
: fund the army who need weaponry, animals, provisions for the army
strive with life
to face the dangers of the battlefield and fight in the way of Allah
do not make excuses to avoid
jihad
v 38. what is wrong with you that when it is said to you, “Come out in the way of Allah,” you turn heavy (and cling) to the ground.
v91. exempted from joining military expeditions
weak
children
women
elderly
poor
v92. too poor to afford provisions of expedition
2.sick
v24. Love for Allah, His Messengerﷺ and Jihad in Allah's way to be given preference over
Natural Love
sons
brothers
spouses
relatives
wealth
trade
houses
fathers
Jihad is
fard kifayah
- a collective obligation. while a number of Muslims sufficient for Jihad keeps engaged in Jihad, rest of the Muslims stand absolved of the obligation
verses
specific
to general call of Jihad given asking all Muslims to accompany the Messenger ﷺ to
Tabuk
v120. It is not proper for the people of Madinah and the Bedouin Arabs around them to remain behind the Messenger, caring for their own selves more than for him.
v41. March forth (in the way of Allah), no matter whether you are light or heavy
Under
normal conditions
, Jihad is not an individual obligation (Fard al-'Ain فَرض العین) that would require all Muslims to go forth in Jihad.
v122. Not all believers have to go out to jihad altogether, some should stay back to become specialists in religious learning and impart that knowledge
lessons from Tabuk Expedition
a test to separate sincere believers from hypocrites
different responses to the order to march with the messenger ﷺ in
jihad
hypocrites
making excuses to be excused from joining
demotivating others
mocking others for their spending in Allah's way
v42, v95. offering poor excuses when Rasoolullah ﷺ returned from expedition
unwilling to spend in Allah's way
Allah's commands to the Messengerﷺ regarding hypocrites of Madina
v107-110. not to pray in the mosque constructed to support conspiracies against Islam and Muslims
v84. not to pray at the funeral or accompany their burial
sincere believers
first group
: strong believers, quickest to prepare and join expedition without hesitation
v 91.
third group
: unable to join due to a genuine reason
illness
no animal to ride
fourth group
: stayed behind despite ability to join
10 sahaba
v102. seven of them admitted their mistake and tied themselves to the pillars of the prophetﷺ's mosque seeking repentance
v 102. acceptance of repentance revealed for them
v103. the messenger ﷺ commanded by Allah to take charity from them to purify and supplicate for them
v 106. three of them whose matter was deferred
Ka'b ibn Malik, Hilal ibn Umayyah and Murarah ibn Rabī رضي الله عنهم
after 50 days of being socially cut-off on Allah's order, Allah swt revealed their forgiveness
v 117.
second group
: hesitated initially, then joined in
long distance
hot weather
harvest time
to face a well trained Roman army
People of previous scriptures in now Islamic territory
v29. stay as non-Muslims (
ⱬimmîs
)
pay
jizyah
tax for protection from foreign enemies
accept Islam
leave dar ul Islam