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SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE Disorders - Coggle Diagram
SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE Disorders
CONGENITAL DISORDERS
MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM:
o Incomplete obliteration of vitelline duct→blind ended pouch
o Site: 30 -90 cm (50) distant from ileocecal valve. Antimesentric
o Gross: 2-8 cm (5) long . may be attached to umbilicus
o Micro: Intestinal tissue + ectopic tissue (gastric, pancreatic, biliary) o Complications: peptic ulcer ,perforation , volvulus, intusucception
HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE (MEGACOLON):
Definition: It is a congenital disease of children less than one year. Manifested by severe constipation and abdominal distension.
Etiology: Congenital absence of the ganglionic cells in the myenteric plexus of the intestine at the recto-sigmoid junction. Peristalsis stops at the affected site resulting in functional obstruction leading to chronic intestinal obstruction.
Gross: The aganglionic segment is narrow markedly dilated colon proximal to it (Megacolon). The intestinal wall is thickened due to hypertrophy of the muscle wall.
INTESTINAL ATRESIA:
Failure of the gut to canalize, most commonly found in the duodenum or small intestine.
INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
A) Acute intestinal obstruction:
Definition: Sudden complete bowel obstruction.
Types:
2- Organic causes:
a. Strangulated hernia:
b. Adhesions
c. Lumen obstruction:
d. Volvulus:
e. Intussuception:
f- Thrombosis or embolism of mesenteric artery:
1- Functional (paralytic ileus):
A segment of the intestine loses its peristaltic movement.
Caused by operative trauma to the intestine or septic peritonitis disturb the normal autonomic control of peristalsis.
B) Chronic intestinal obstruction:
Definition: Gradual incomplete obstruction.
Etiology:
1- Lumen obstruction.
2- Fibrous stricture following dysenteries, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease or TB.
3- Endophytic tumor benign or malignant growing into the lumen. 4- Obstruction from outside: Pressure of a tumor & adhesions between intestinal loops.
5- Annular stricture carcinoma. 6- Hirschsprung's disease.