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Total Physical Response (TPR) - Coggle Diagram
Total Physical Response (TPR)
TPR was developed by
James Asher
.
Objective:
Learning needed to become more
enjoyable and less stressful.
To accomplish language learning was to create the natural way children learn their native language and encourage learners to respond using
right-brain motor skills > left-brain language processing.
Principles
The teacher directs and students “act” in response
“The instructor is the director of a stage play.
The students are the actors.
Listening and physical response skills
are emphasized
over oral production.
The imperative is the most common language function
employed. Interrogatives are used heavily.
Humor
is injected into the lessons to
make them more enjoyable for learning.
Students are not required to speak
until they feel naturally
ready or confident enough to do.
Grammar and vocabulary
are emphasized
Spoken language
is emphasized over written language.
Teaching steps
Teacher
gives a command
in the target language
and
performs it with students
.
Teacher gives commands to volunteers.
Teacher introduces new commands.
Teacher gives students commands they have not heard before.
Teacher writes new commands on the board.
Teaching techniques
Using Commands to Direct Behavior
The use of commands is the major teaching technique of TPR.
The commands are given to get the students to perform an action.
The teacher performs the actions with the students.
The teacher should not introduce the new commands too fast.
All grammar features can be communicated through imperatives (commands).
Role Reversal
Students command their teacher and classmates to perform some actions.
Students should not be encouraged to speak until they are ready.
Action Sequence
It is similar to
Gouin Series.
As the students learn more and more of the target language, a longer series of connected commands can be given.
Many everyday activities can be broken down into an action sequence.
TPR Types
TPR-Objects
New words can be fairly quickly built up one at a time.
Remember to learn verbs that are associated with the objects you are learning.
This is best done sitting a table that has some objects on it.
Stickers or Magnets/ Felt-boards/
Realia
/ Puppets
TPR-Pictures
Flashcards/ Story cards/ Pictures/ Posters/ Slides/ Transparencies
Pictures are extremely effective language learning tools.
TPR-Body
This is best done in a room with some space to move around.
Includes everything that can be done with general body movement
sit down
turn around/ left/ right
stand up
lift up your arm
touch your nose
Activities
Simon says
Miming
Action Songs
Pointing games
TPR-Storytelling
It involves the teacher (and eventually the students) acting out simple stories as a means of understanding the story and internalizing vocabulary.