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THE FIRST WORLD WAR - Coggle Diagram

- - - - all economic activity was directed towards the war effort
        
        characteristics
        
        Governments intervened to control the distribution of basic goods and food
        
        The industrial sector concentrated on the production of
        
        military equipment
        
        supplies
        
        Agricultural and consumer goods production decreased
        
        consequences
        
        there were shortages of some products
        
        prices increased
        
        because there weren't enough labourers
- - - - women did not accept the return to traditional roles
    - - The United States became the world's leading economic power
    - - they destroyed
        
        factories
        
        agricultural land
        
        transport networks
      - it had a negative impact on the economies
    - - there were tens of millions of victims of the war
      - consequence
        
        there was a drastic reduction in
        
        the available workforce
        
        birth rates
  - - - This guaranteed the Allied powers industrial development
        
        provided them with
        
        a workforce
        
        markets
        
        raw materials
      - The countries which benefited the most were
        
        Great Britain
        
        it gained
        
        Palestine
        
        Iraq
        
        France
        
        it gained
        
        Syria
        
        Lebanon
    - - It was drawn to
        
        end of the last of the European empires
        
        to create new states
      - The changes
        
        From the Russian Empire
        
        Latvia
        
        Estonia
        
        Lithuania
        
        Finland
        
        Poland
        
        From the Ottoman Empire
        
        Syria
        
        Iraq
        
        Jordan
        
        part of Arabia
        
        Lebanon
        
        Palestine
        
        Turkey
        
        From the Austro-Hungarian Empire
        
        Hungary
        
        Czechoslovakia
        
        Austria
        
        Yugoslavia
        
        From the German Empire
        
        part of Czechoslovakia
        
        part of Poland
        
        the German Republic
- - - - France vs. the German Empire
        
        for Alsace-Lorraine
        
        it had lost it after the Franco-Prussian War
        
        colonies (Morocco)
        
        two Moroccan crises
      - Great Britain vs. the German Empire
        
        Maritime supremacy
        
        because the German Empire constructed a large fleet of merchant ships
      - The Austro-Hungarian Empire vs. the Russian Empire
        
        for the Balkans
        
        Serbia was angry about the expansion of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
        
        crises in the Balkans
    - - governments were in favour of war
      - pacifist movements
        
        such as
        
        the Second International
        
        the Catholic Church
        
        were against war
    - - Archduke Franz Ferdinand (the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire) was assassinated
        
        On 28 June, 1914
        
        in Sarajevo (Bosnia-Herzegovina)
        
        by a young Bosnian Serb nationalist
        
        Serbia was blamed for the assassination
        
        As a consequence
        
        On 28 July 1914, the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia
    - - In 1908
        
        the Austro-Hungarian Empire annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina
        
        it angered
        
        the Serbians living in Bosnia
        
        Russia (Serbia's traditional ally)
      - In 1911
        
        after a confrontation Germany recognised Morocco as a French protectorate
        
        but France gave a part of its territories in the Congo to Germany
      - In 1905
        
        Germany tried to establish Morocco as a German protectorate
        
        to keep Morocco out of France's control and
        
        it failed
      - In 1912–13
        
        first war
        
        Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro vs. the Ottoman Empire
        
        for the possession of its territories in the Balkans
        
        the Ottoman Empire was defeated
        
        second war
        
        between Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro
        
        it ended with the Treaty of Bucharest (1913)
        
        result
        
        Serbia expanded its Balkan territories
        
        provoking the hostility of Austria-Hungary
        
        Bulgaria was defeated
        
        over the division of the territories
- - - - based on
        
        own interests
        
        pre-existing alliances
      - forming two opposite sides
        
        The Central Powers
        
        with the the Austro-Hungarian Empire
        
        Ottoman empire
        
        Bulgaria
        
        German empire
        
        Although Italy belonged to the Triple Alliance, it didn't feel obliged to participate
        
        The Allies
        
        with Serbia
        
        Romania
        
        the United States
        
        Italy
        
        Greece
        
        Portugal
        
        the Triple Entente
        
        Great Britain
        
        the Russian Empire
        
        France
        
        China
        
        Latin American republics
        
        Belgium
        
        Japan
        
        In 1915, Italy joined the Allies
        
        to recover Trieste and Istria from the Austrian-Hungarian Empire
- - - - 1915–16
      - they built trenches to defend themselves
        
        by using new weapons
      - they tried to defeat the enemy by continually attacking the same place
        
        in Verdun by Germany
        
        at the Somme by Great Britain
      - they also used battleships and submarine
        
        the Battle of Jutland
        
        the British fleet defeated the German fleet
    - - 1917
      - the United States
        
        joined the war on the side of the Allies
        
        German submarines had sunk neutral merchant ships
      - the Russian Empire
        
        withdrew from the war
        
        because of a political and social revolution
        
        it had to sign the Peace of Brest-Litovsk
    - - 1914
      - Germany put the Schlieffen Plan into effect
        
        phases
        
        Advance through the north of France to reach Paris
        
        Fight Russia
        
        invade Belgium
        
        it didn't succeed
        
        the French and British armies stopped their advance at the First Battle of the Marne
      - Japan occupied the German colonies in the Pacific and China
    - - 1918
      - Thanks to the help of America, the Allies won the second battle of Marne
      - The Central Powers could't continue fighting a sought peace
        
        Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated
        
        the Armistice was signed on 11 November 1918
- - - - proposed a peace agreement during the war
        
        in January 1918
        
        the Fourteen Points
        
        intended as a basis for peace negotiations
        
        based on
        
        the establishment of democratic states
        
        freedom of trade
        
        creating a League of Nations
        
        respect for a nation's right to self-determination
        
        it was rejected by the Allied countries
        
        because
        
        they had been devastated during four years of war
        
        they considered Germany to be responsible for the war and wanted it to pay for the damage it had caused
    - - Five separate treaties were signed
        
        Treaty of Trianon by Hungary
        
        Treaty of Neuilly by Bulgaria
        
        Treaty of Saint Germain by Austria
        
        Treaty of Sèvres by the Ottoman Empire
        
        Treaty of Versailles by Germany
        
        it established really severe terms for Germany
        
        reduction of its territories
        
        the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France
        
        the loss of the Sudetenland
        
        demilitarisation of the region of the Rhineland
        
        payment of huge economic reparations
        
        division of its eastern territories into two parts
        
        to give Poland access to the sea
        
        prohibition of
        
        planes
        
        submarines
        
        heavy artillery
        
        The German representatives protested
        
        because they considered them to be humiliating conditions
        
        but they had to accept them