Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Epidemiology in Health Protection - Coggle Diagram
Epidemiology in Health Protection
Qualitative studies
look at perceptions, beliefs and understanding of population
generate hypothesis
improve understanding
multiple approaches
Analytical studies
observational
Case control studies
compares exposure between those who have disease (case) and those that don't (control)
rare outcomes and diseases
use a random selection of exposed population
represented as an odds-ratio
selection and recall bias
Cohort studies
compare outcome frequency between groups with different exposures
prospective
retrospective
used as outbreak investigation
represented as relative risk
non-response and follow-up bias
compare different groups
identify possible risk factors or causes
interventional
Descriptive studies
Cross-sectional studies
Ecological studies
population based studies
results at population level may not apply at a personal level
Prevelance studies
data at a given time point
demonstrate the size of the problem
open to survival and non-response bias
case reports (one patient) and series (group of similar patients)
novel disease
novel treatment
novel transmission
person
place
time
study risk factors
Operational studies
programme improvements
programme functioning
programme sustainability
question participants
Systemic reviews
secondary research
comparison of published and unpublished work
Interventional studies
assess the outcomes of an intervention
eg RCTs
can be long and complex
can be unethical
can exclude population sub-groups
need an appropriate population and sample size (lower p = larger sample)
identifies risk
identifies interventions