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Heart attack - Coggle Diagram
Heart attack
Cardiac arrest
- heart malfunctions and stops beating unexpectedly
- 'electrical' problem
- death occurs within minutes if not treated
What To Do:
- stat CPR
- use AED
- call 911
Risk Factors:
- prior heart disease
- a family history of cardiac arrest
Symptoms
Other:
- shortness of breath
- nausea, vomiting, belching, sweating
- feeling tired
- palpations (skipped heart beats)
- lightheadedness/fainting
- anxiety (similar to a panic attack)
Chest pain:
- discomfort (pressure, tightness, squeezing)
- spreads to: upper abdomen, shoulders/arms, neck/throat, lower jaw/teeth
- comes gradually/lasts few seconds
- lying down - worse, sitting - better
Facts
In Canada:
70 000 cases each year
1 attack in 7 minutes
16 000 die from a heart attack
14 000 die from stroke every year
90% have at least 1 risk factor
In the US:
number 1 cause of death
785 000 have the first heart attack every year
470 000 have the second heart attack every year
every 39 sec - smb dies from a heart attack/stroke
every 25 sec - smb has a coronary event
Risk factors
-
To screen for risk factors:
- test blood pressure with a pressure cuff
- test blood cholesterol level
- discuss Body Mass Index
Heart attack
- blood flow to the heart is blocked
- 'circulation' problem
- symptoms start slowly, persist for hours, doesn't stop beating
What To Do:
- take aspirin (300 mg)
- using medicines to dissolve blood clots
- surgery to help restore blood to the heart
Types of heart disease
- Coronary heart disease - blocked arteries limit blood flow
- Arrhythmia - the heart beats irregularly
- Heart failure - the heart cannot pump as powerfully as it needs
- Heart valve disease - one or more valves doesn't work
- Cardiomyopathy - enlarged muscle causes the heart to pump weaker
- Pericarditis - an inflammation of a membrane that lines the heart
- Aorta disease - aortic wall weakens - aneurysm
- Vascular disease - blood disorders, circulatory system (arteries, veins, lymph)
Complications
- arrhythmias (abnormal heartbeats)
- cardiogenic shock (heart's muscles can no longer contract properly)
- heart rupture (heart's muscles, walls or valves split apart)
Causes
- coronary heart disease
- drug misuse
- lack of oxygen in the blood
How to lower risk:
- quit smoking
- exercise
- eat more fruit and veg
- avoid salt and fatty food
- limit alcohol
- regular medical exams