Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
BIOLOGY, Mariella Palacios - Coggle Diagram
BIOLOGY
Chapter 10
The Structure of the Genetic Material
DNA and RNA are polymers and nucleotides.
DNA is a double stranded helix.
DNA Replication
DNA replication depends on specific base pairing.
DNA replication proceeds in two directions at many sites simultaneously
The Flow of Genetic Info from DNA to RNA to Protein
Genes control phenotype trails thru expression of proteins.
Genetic info written in codons is translated into amino acid sequences.
Genetic code dictates how codons are translated into amino acids.
Ribosomes build polypeptides.
An initiation codon marks the start of and mRNA message.
The flow of genetic info in the cell is DNA->RNA->Protein.
The Genetics of Viruses & Bacteria
AIDS virus makes DNA on and RNA template.
Prions are infectious proteins.
Bacterial plasmids can serve as carriers for gene transfer.
Chapter 11
Control of Gene Expression
Proteins interacting with DNA turn prokaryotic genes on or off in response to environmental changes.
Chromosomes structure & chemical modifications can affect gene expression.
Complex assemblies of proteins control eukaryotic transcription.
Noncoding RNAs play multiple roles in controlling gene expression.
Signal transduction pathways convert messages received at the cell surface to responses within the cell.
Cloning of Plants & Animals
Plant cloning shows that differentiated cells may retain all of their genetic potential.
Biologists can clone animals via nuclear transplantation.
Therapeutic cloning can produce stem cells with great medical potential.
The Genetics Basis of Cancer
Cancer results from mutations in genes that control cell divisions.
Multiple genetic changes underlie the development of Cancer.
Faulty proteins can interfere with normal signal transduction pathways.
Lifestyle choices CAN reduce the risk for Cancer.
Chapter 12
Gene Cloning & Editing
Genes can be cloned in recombinant plasmids.
Enzymes are used to "copy and paste" DNA.
Reverse transcriptase can help make genes for cloning.
Genetically Modified Organisms
GMOs are transforming agriculture.
The use of GMOs raise questions/concerns.
Gene therapy may someday help treat a variety of diseases.
DNA Profiling
Analysis of genetic markers can produce a DNA profile.
PCR method is used to amplify DNA sequences.
Gal electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules by size.
DNA profiling has provided evidence in many forensic investigations.
Genomics & Bioinformatics
Small segments of DNA can be sequences directly.
Genomics is the scientific study of whole genomes.
Most human genome don't consist of genes.
The field of bioinformatics is expanding our understanding of genomes.
Mariella Palacios