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Reform Movements 1800s Chloe, Teddy, Robert - Coggle…
Reform Movements 1800s Chloe, Teddy, Robert
Prison Systems
Dorothea Dix went to Massachusetts legislature and stated that they needed to treat prisoners better and provide medical aid, and the mentally-ill should be provided with psychological care and should not be in jail. They should be out of prison's and sent to "asylums". This reform actually was successful, as people ended up taking out the mentally-ill out of jail, and providing them with help from facilities where they were able to receive care from doctors.
Dorothea Dix
(1802-1887) was a major supporter of the
Penitentiary Reform
, and she traveled and found out that in many prisons mentally-ill were in jail, there was zero medical care, people were locked in cages/closets/cellars, and people slept on straws.
Abolition
Frederick Douglas
: He was a former slave and would work with lawmakers in hopes for abolition legislation. His biography will also help Americans understand the struggles of slavery, and why there needs to be a change.
Emancipation Proclamation
(1863) and the
Thirteenth Amendment
(1865) will finally abolish slavery within the United States. With the Proclamation freeing slaves in rebellious states during the Civil War, and the Thirteenth Amendment finally banned slavery in the US. However, even though the slaves were finally free, there was still a long way to go for slaves to finally get the fair treatment that they deserve.
Abolition is the act of termination, and during the 1800s it was often in meaning to the abolishment of slavery. Although slavery was controversial, and many Americans did suggest abolition, it still did not have full support. For instance,
Thomas Jefferson
proposed abolition under the Declaration of Independence, however the fear of Southern support caused it to be cut out. Additionally, abolition groups such as
American Colonization Society
and people such as
William Lloyd Garrison
tried to make a change, however Congress would not budge and even made a
Gag Rule
- congress man could not speak of slavery at meetings.
Temperance
Francis Willard
was the Temperance Movement starter of this movement, would move on to be the president of an organization of Chicago women, and finally be corresponding secretary of the WCTU (Woman's Christian Temperance Union).
There was actually changes made for this movement, as many women would try to educate their son's in hopes for them to not grow up and be like their fathers. This improvement is shown in the graph.
The
Temperance Movement
was formed in hopes to end the increase of domestic violence, by having men refrain from alcohol. On account of the Industrial Age, many men would try to ease their anger and frustration by drinking large amounts of liquor, and this would often cause violence towards their wives. On account of woman being seen secondary to men, this violence was not counted as a crime, and this is what allowed it to continue.
Education
This
Educational Reform
ended up being rather successful, as Massachusetts ended up being the first state to establish tax support for public schools. Additionally, by 1860 every state offered free public education, due to te taxes that Horace Mann (Father of American Education) created.
Horace Mann
(1796-1859) from Massachusetts was the one who had the idea to use state taxes to fund education. He believed that every child should receive basic education, as before schooling was not public for everyone.
Transcendentalism
The Transcendentalist plan (what this movement wanted to accomplish): give freedom to slaves, well-being to poor/miserable, provide learning to the ignorant, give health to the sick, and provide peace and justice to society. Basically, the people who supported this movement honestly just wanted to make everything as good as it can be by helping others in need and overall becoming better people.
Transcendentalist Intellectuals/Writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau wrote many books based on this movement. These included.. Emerson's books:
Nature
(1832), "The American Scholar" (1837), and
Self-Reliance
(1841) Thoreau books:
Walden
(1854) and
Resistance to Civil Disobedience
(1849)
These novels during the Transcendentalism Movement were mostly about how nature could change people, as there is self reliance and people are being good Americans.
This movement was in hopes for people
"To rise above"
all of the chaos in the United states, for instance all of the abolishment movements and popular sovereignty. It was for people to transcend themselves; their soul to their limits, in order to create an original relationship with the Universe. During the era of Romanticism, people were trying to get away from factory life, and this movement was in order to try to have other relationships (
nature and the universe
) than just a relation ship with the factory. (this was a reaction to Industrial Revolution)
Most of the supporters were just big dreamers, so the ones who truly wanted to see a change created Utopian Communities (these were places that possessed perfect qualities)
Utopian Communities
Different communities had different goals, for instance Mennonites believed in equality among all and Shaker's believed in a simple life, but they died out because did not believe in reproduction. However, these people were able to still come together with the same beliefs and try to live in a perfect community, so in some way they were partially successful.
These society's were reactions to the Industrial Revolution, because people don't want to live that way anymore, so this was the creation of the Utopian Reform. Some religious communities included Shaker's and Mormon's, and other Utopian communities were Fourierite's, Owenite's, and Oneida. (most of these were in the north)
Women's Rights
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
led the charge on women's rights. They got together in 1848 during the Seneca Falls Convention and created the
Declaration of Sentiments
- was similar to the Declaration of Independence saying that all men and women are created equal and talks about how women do not have to give up their money, property, they have the right to vote and they have the right to have a job.
The
Mennonites
were dedicated to the perfection of society meaning that women, men, and children were all on the same level.
