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Operations Management - Process Analysis - Coggle Diagram
Operations Management - Process Analysis
What is a process?
Repetitive operations that turn input -> output
Worker-paced
Each step has its own pace
Machine-paced
Steps need to be syncronized
How to improve process efficiently
Understand
Measure
Capacity
Max # of units a process can output in a period of time
A rate
= 1 / Process time
over/under capacity
Too much capacity -> wasted capacity
Too little capacity -> loss of demand
Throughput rate (flow rate, output rate)
= Min {Input rate, Capacity}
Utilization
% of time station is busy
= Output rate / capacity
Process cycle time (throughput time, flow time)
time for a unit to go through the entire system
Process time
Single step
Time to process a unit at an activity
Multi step
Shortest time between two outputs
Improve
Increase capacity of the process
Add more resources to station
Parallel resources
Process time is cut by half (If process time of an activity is 8 for each the time is 4)
Capacity is doubled
Multi-step production line
Bottleneck
Station with
lowest capacity
or
longest process time
Process time
It is the process time of bottle neck
Time btwn 2 consecutive outputs if process is at full speed
Process cycle time
Add all process times
Input rate
= 1 / time btwm 2 consecutive arrivals
Output rate
= 1 / time btwn 2 consecutive outputs