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Seizures
Katie Blevins, Anna Houston, Jenny Church, Kayley Hinkle,…
Seizures
Katie Blevins, Anna Houston, Jenny Church, Kayley Hinkle, Lauren Lynch, Katy Erikson
pathophysiology
Abnormal electrical discharges arise from the simultaneous activation of neurons In both hemispheres of the brain (generalized seizures), one area of the cerebral cortex, or localized area of the cortex as a focal seizure and spread to other portions of the brain
Sudden excessive excitation and loss of Inhibition within neuronal circuits, allows the circuits to amplify their discharges simultaneously
discharges occur In response to activity of sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride Ion changes
In response to physiologic stimuli (brain Injury, genetic abnormalities, hypoglycemia, electrolyte Imbalance, etc) abnormal neuronal discharges spread to nearby cortex and subcorital structures
pharmacology
Carbmazepine
Complex partial, tonic-clonic
Phenytoin
Partial, tonic-clone; status epilepticus, neonatal seizures
Valproic acid
Primary generalized, absence, myoclonic, febrile, complex partial, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, not recommended for children less than 2 years old
Phenobarbital
Neonatal, febrile, partial, tonic-clonic
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Lamotrigine
Partial, tonic-clonic, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
Topiramate
Partial, tonic-clonic, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
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Levetiracetam
Partial, myoclonic, tonic-clonic
labs& diagnostic tests
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Thorough patient history
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Specifics about seizure: when, where, how long
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physical
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movement disorder (tics, tremor, chorea)
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teaching points
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If child has an Illness, they have Increased risk for seizures
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Classifications
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Generalized
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Atonic - sudden loss of muscle tone, pt becomes limp and unresponsive; sometimes called a "drop attack"
Tonic-Clonic/Grand Mal - 5 phases: pt's body will contract, extend, and then shake. This is followed by contraction and relaxation
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