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Chloramphenicol - Coggle Diagram
Chloramphenicol
Side Effects
Bone marrow suppression
Dose dependant
Effects disappear when treatment is stopped
Pancytopenia
+/- Aplastic anemia
Hypersensitivity reactions
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Grey Baby Syndrome
Circulatory collapse in newborns due to slow inactivation
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Flacidity
Decreased temperature
Ashen-grey color
40% mortality
If drug must be used, monitor levels
Activity/Use
Gram + bacteria
Gram - bacteria
Rickettsiae
Reserved for serious infections
When benefits > risk of toxicitiy
H. influenzae
infections resistant to other drugs
Meningitis when Penicillin can't be used
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Topically
Typhoid fever
Other drugs less toxic however
ADME
Administration
PO/IV
Absorption
Completely absorbed
Peak: 2 hrs
T1/2: 2 hrs
Distribution
Enters the CSF
Excretion/Metabolism
Renal excretion 10% unchanged
Liver metabolism by glucuronidation 90%
Plasmid-mediated resistance
Production of chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase
Mechanism of Action
Competes with Erythromycin and Clindamycin if administered together
Bacteriostatic for most organisms
Bactericidal
H. influenzae
N. meningitidis
Strep. pneumoniae
Binds to 50s subunit of bacteria ribosomes
Inhibits transpeptidation
Prevents protein production by bacteria