Chapter 8 Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Thinking

Problem Solving: Achieving a goal when not readily available

Concepts: Categories

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Outside the Box

Thinking Critically and Creatively

Reasoning: Transforming information to reach conclusions and Decision Making: Evaluating alternatives

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Yes Young Children can Be more rational than adults

Open Mindedness Increases climate change views

Intelligence: Solve problems and adapt and learn How to Measure it

Extremes of Intelligence

Theories of Multiple Intelligences

Genetics and Environment

Language

Language dev over life span

Language and Cognition

Biological and Environmental Factors

Basic Properties: System of symbols, Infinite generativity and organizational rules about structure

Cognitive Reappraisal: Rethinking

Cognitive appraisal: How we think of Events in life

Cognition: Information is processed and remembered

Knowing

Thinking

Remembering

Generalize: Improve memory higher order learning and elaboration

Evaluate Solutions

Strategize

Framing

Rethink

Devising algorithms. Guarantee a solution

Heuristics: Shortcuts Suggest but do not guarantee a solution

SubGoals

Deductive: General to specific

Inductive: Specific to general

Biases and Heuristics

Confirmation Bias

Hindsight Bias

Loss Aversion

Availability: Heuristic Info that comes quickly and easily

Representativeness Heuristic

Testing Meets 3 Criteria: Validity, Reliability and standardization

Stanford Binet Test

Flynn Affect: intelligence around the world has risen

SteRnBerg

Creative

Practical

Analytical

Gardner

Bodilty

spatial

Mathematical

Interpersonal

Verbal

Musical

naturalistic

existential

Syntax: Combined to form meaningfull sentences

Semantics: Meaning

Pragmatics: USes of

Morphology: Sounds meaningfull together not alone

Phonology: Sounds

Chomsky: Humans are biologically prewired to learn language

CopingL How we handle stressfull situations