Chapter 8 Thinking, Intelligence, and Language
Thinking
Problem Solving: Achieving a goal when not readily available
Concepts: Categories
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Outside the Box
Thinking Critically and Creatively
Reasoning: Transforming information to reach conclusions and Decision Making: Evaluating alternatives
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Yes Young Children can Be more rational than adults
Open Mindedness Increases climate change views
Intelligence: Solve problems and adapt and learn How to Measure it
Extremes of Intelligence
Theories of Multiple Intelligences
Genetics and Environment
Language
Language dev over life span
Language and Cognition
Biological and Environmental Factors
Basic Properties: System of symbols, Infinite generativity and organizational rules about structure
Cognitive Reappraisal: Rethinking
Cognitive appraisal: How we think of Events in life
Cognition: Information is processed and remembered
Knowing
Thinking
Remembering
Generalize: Improve memory higher order learning and elaboration
Evaluate Solutions
Strategize
Framing
Rethink
Devising algorithms. Guarantee a solution
Heuristics: Shortcuts Suggest but do not guarantee a solution
SubGoals
Deductive: General to specific
Inductive: Specific to general
Biases and Heuristics
Confirmation Bias
Hindsight Bias
Loss Aversion
Availability: Heuristic Info that comes quickly and easily
Representativeness Heuristic
Testing Meets 3 Criteria: Validity, Reliability and standardization
Stanford Binet Test
Flynn Affect: intelligence around the world has risen
SteRnBerg
Creative
Practical
Analytical
Gardner
Bodilty
spatial
Mathematical
Interpersonal
Verbal
Musical
naturalistic
existential
Syntax: Combined to form meaningfull sentences
Semantics: Meaning
Pragmatics: USes of
Morphology: Sounds meaningfull together not alone
Phonology: Sounds
Chomsky: Humans are biologically prewired to learn language
CopingL How we handle stressfull situations