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Reproduction - Coggle Diagram
Reproduction
DNA
Genome
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The human genome helps scientists:
- Search for genes linked to different types of disease
- Understanding and treating inherited disorders
- Tracing human migration patterns from the past
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Protein Synthesis
- A gene produces a template (copy of the DNA called mRNA) for a specific protein. This template leaves the nucleus through a pore in the membrane.
- This template attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
- The cytoplasm contains carrier molecules which each carry a specific amino acid.
- These carrier molecules attach themselves to the template in the order defined by the template.
- The amino acids brought by the (carrier molecules) join together to form a protein chain.
- The complete protein chain detaches from the carrier molecules and folds into a specific shape.
- Carrier molecules return to the cytoplasm to pick up more amino acids.
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Cell Division
Mitosis
Mitosis is needed for:
- repairing cell division
- growth
- replacing worn-out cells
- Chromosomes are duplicated
- Chromatids are pulled apart and move towards the poles of the cell (left and right)
- Once the chromosomes are separated, the cell divides
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Meiosis
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- Genetic material is replicated inside the cell (each chromosome forms 2 chromosomes)
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- 4 gametes are formed, each with a single set of chromosomes (2 instead of the original 4)
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