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Richardson_Ogunsola_Omar-Javid_Cuba - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Peninsulares - Spanish born
      - Criollos - European descent
      - Mestizos - Indigenous descent
      - Mulattos - African descent
  - - - Haiti Revolution - overthrow of the French regime by African slaves. Series of conflicts between 1791 and 1804.
        
        Toussaint L’Ouverture - led a successful slave revolt and emancipated the slaves in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (Haiti). Turned the colony into a country governed by former black slaves as a nominal French protectorate and made himself ruler of the entire island of Hispaniola.
        
        Aponte Consipiracy - a large-scale slave rebellion in Cuba that occurred in 1812. Inspired by the Haitian Revolution.
        
        Jose Antonio Aponte - a Cuban political activist and military officer of Yoruba origin who organized one of the most prominent slave rebellions in Cuba.
    - - Simon Bolivar - a Venezuelan soldier and statesman who played a central role in the South American independence movement. Bolívar served as president of Gran Colombia (1819–30) and as dictator of Peru (1823–26).
- - - - General Wood- Served as military govenor of Cuba from 1898-1902. He established the rural Gaurd and favored US annexation
      - Rural Gaurd - Established by Gerneral wood in 1899 as a replacement of the disbanded cuban rebel army. The force was almost exclusively white. Obviously angered many Cubans.
    - - Elihu Root - Secretary of state and secretary of war, Elihu root was a republican politician who created an electoral system in Cuba that heavily benefited those who he thought would favor US annexation. Despite the efforts the Demcratic Unioniist party who favored independence still won the election
    - - Platt Amendement (1902) - Platt Amendment (1902) - set of constrictions on the Cuban constsition made by the US. (General Wood and Elihu Root) Theses constrictions included the right of the US to over see Cuba´s public finances, gave the US the right to intervene in Cuba, and the right to establish military bases on Cuba. Obviously angered many Cubans.
    - - Tomas Estrade Palma - First president of the republic of Cuba, He was elected unnopposed and hand selected by gerneral wood for his stance on US annexation. Was backed by most of Cuba´s white elite.
      - Political corruption in Cuba - Ever since the Republic of Cuba was created, widespread corruption and voter fraud in elections was a problem. In the 1905 presidential elections, Tomas Estrada re-ran representing the moderate party, and Jose Miguel Gomez ran against Estrada for the Liberal party. Both parties took part in the widespread corruption. Jose Gomez eventually withdrew his spot in the elections due to the corruption, and Estrada was once again president of Cuba. However, 24,000 liberals took part in an armed ressurection against Estrada in refusal to accept the elelction outcome. In order to keep his spot as president, Estrada resigned, leaving the cuban government without a president, which by the platt amendment meant the US had to intervene.
      - US occupation of Cuba (1906-09) - In response to the turmoil in Cuba, the US took control. Charles Magoon would be named governor of Cuba and would work to reform Cuba´s voting system to combat corruption. He failed He would leave Cuba along with all US troops in 1909, and Jose Gomez would ¨win¨ the next cuban presidential election.
      - Charles Magoon - Governor of Cuba during US occupation from 1906-1909.
  - - - The Cuban-US Reciprocity Treaty (1903) - At this time, the US realized the economic benefits of ¨controling¨ Cuba´s economy, more specifically it´s trade. So in 1903, an Economic agrreement was signed between the two parties that would offer Cuban sugar preferential treatment with trade with America, reduced duties on US imports, and encouraged even more US investors. Lastly, Cuba began to use the US dollar
      - WW1 and the Cuban economy - During WW1, the warring European nations placed heavy tarrifs and trade restrictions on eachother. So instead of trading with each other, they traded with Cuba. This combined with the high demand for sugar at the time, meant that Cuba could control how much sugar was worth, and sell at the prices they wished. Obviously bolstering their economy.
      - 1920-21 Economic Crisis - After WW1, the tarrifs and trade restrictions that the european nations placed on each other were lifted, which meant they were trading with each other once again. Cuba no longer had control of the sugar market, and now had to compete with prices from other nations. By December 1920, the price of Cuban sugar has fallen to less than 4 cents per pound. The tons of Cubans who hopped on to the goldmine now found themselves in high unemployment and bankruptcy.
      - Cuban response to 1920-21 economic crisis - To keep Cuba´s economy from from being completly worthless, Cuba asked the US for a 50 million dollar loan. The US agreed agreed, but Cuba had to basically give up it´s economic soverignty
    - - Evaristo Estenoz and the PIC - After facing discrimination of all kinds in Cuba, many blacks considered the formation of their own party. This party would share the nationalist ideals of jose marti, but also have a stronger emphasis on racial equality. In 1908, Estenoz created the PIC, an all balck political party. The party had their own newspaper They encouraged black consiousness, but the rest of Cuba was highly discormforted by this. The PIC was labled as ¨black racists", and Estenoz was arrested. In 1911, the PIC would be deemed illegal and thus banned. However, after Estenoz was released from prison, attempted a diplomatic solution with both Cuba and the US for racial equality. None worked out, So Estenoz led an armed rebbelion of 5,000 blacks to protest their treatment. The US intervined, and the Cuban governemnt and white militias fiercly reprressed the effort. killing 3,000 blacks and estenoz himself.
- - - - Trocha -A line of fortifications, usually rough, constructed to prevent the passage of an enemy across a region.
  - - - Máximo Gómez y Báez was a Dominican Major General in Cuba's Ten Years' War against Spain. He was also Cuba's military commander in that country's War of Independence