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The First World War
THE PEACE SETTLEMENT
Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
Woodrow Wilson had proposed a peace agreement
Fourteen Points
The plan was rejected by the Allied countries
Paris Peace Settlement was agreed on (1919–1920)
The Treaty of Versailles established particularly severe terms for Germany
In December 1919
League of Nations
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY DURING THE WAR
Military equipment and supplies
Prices increased
Rationing
Black market
Young men were conscripted or recruited into the armed forces
Women had to leave the home to fill the positions the men had left
THE CAUSES OF THE WAR
The Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire competed for control of the Balkans
France wanted to recover the region of Alsace-Lorraine, which it had lost to the German Empire after the Franco-Prussian War
Great Britain saw the supremacy of its merchant navy threatened when the German Empire
The disputies made a pre-war antmosphere wich forced to the countries to invest in arms...
Governments, through the press, influenced public opinion in favour of war
The pre-war crises
In 1905 tryed to keep Morocco out of France's control but failed.
In 1908, the Austro-Hungarian Empire annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina.
In 1911, Germany recognised Morocco as a French protectorate. In exchange, France ceded a part of its territories in the Congo to Germany.
In 1912–13, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire for territories in the Balkans. After their victory, a second war was fought between these countries over the division of the territories.
The Treaty of Bucharest was signed in 1913, ending the war in which Bulgaria was defeated and Serbia expanded its Balkan territories.
PHASES OF THE WAR
Initial German offensives (1914)
Schlieffen Plan
Launching a rapid offensive on the Western Front
Invading Belgium
a neutral country
With the aim of reaching Paris
Eastern Front to fight the Russians
Japan occupied the German colonies in the Pacific and China.
Trench warfare (1915–16)
Like they could not advance, both sides focused on defending their positions
between Germany and the Allies
they built trenches
new weapons
new military tactics
wear the enemy down by continually attacking the same place
In the Battle of Jutland, the British fleet defeated the German fleet
Incorporation and withdrawal of allies (1917)
United States decided to join the war
Germany had initiated submarine attacks
the Peace of Brest-Litovsk
The end of the war and the Armistice (1918)
the Second Battle of the Marne
11 November 1918, the Armistice was
THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
Decrease in population
Destruction of the cities
Incorporation of women in the workplace
Loss of Europe's economic power
Redistribution of the colonies
The peace treaties included the redistribution of the colonies
The new map of Europe
From the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Poland, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia and Bosnia-Herzegovina
From the Russian Empire
Latvia, Lithuania, Finland and Poland
From the German Empire
the German Republic, part of Czechoslovakia and part of Poland
From the Ottoman Empire
Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, part of Arabia and Palestine
The Central Powers
Austro-Hungarian Empire allied with the German and Ottoman joined by Bulgaria
The Allies
Serbia was allied with France, Great Britain and the Russian Empire later, they were joined by Belgium, Japan, Italy, Romania, the United States, Greece, Portugal, China, and various Latin American republics
The First World War, or the Great War, was fought between 1914 and 1918
