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DRUGS ACTION TO GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM (GIT) - Coggle Diagram
DRUGS ACTION TO GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM (GIT)
Oral and Throat Preparation Agent
Antiseptic groups
Generic name : Povidone iodine
Trade name : Povidin
Dosage : 10mL 4 times daily
Indication : Mouth and throat infections
Contraindication : History of abnormal thyroid function or goitre
Side effect : Hyperthyroidism, hypersensitivity
Anesthesia
Generic name : Lidocaine
Trade name : Xylocaine
Dosage : 2-3 mL for each dermatome to be anaesthesised
Indication : Prevention and control of pain in procedures in male and female urethra, for topical treatment of painful urethritis and as anaesthetic lubricant for endotracheal intubation (oral and nasal)
Contraindication : Methemoglobinemia (blood disorder), liver problems and seizures
Side effect : Hypotension, edema, skin irritation
Antibiotic groups
Generic name : Neomycin/Bacitracin/Polymyxin
Trade name : Mycitracin/Neosporin/Triple Antibiotic
Dosage : 1g hourly for 4 hours then 4 hourly for 2-3 days before operation
Indication : Prevent or treat bacterial infections in intestines
Contraindication : GI obstruction, ileus
Side effect : Nausea, fatigue, diarrhea
OVERVIEW
Alimentary drugs is used to treat the diseases of digestive system (esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas)
Minor problems : indigestion, constipation, vomiting and diarrhea
Drugs acts on upper digestive tract :
a) Oral preparation drugs
b) Anti-emetics - relieve nausea and vomiting
c) Antacids - relieve indigestion
d) Ulcer-healing drugs - treat peptic ulcer
Antiulcer
- neutralize excess acid to relieve indigestion or help peptic ulcer to heal caused by irritation of the stomach/duodenum and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Systemic effect
Generic name : Calcium carbonate
Trade name : Tums
Dosage : 500mg daily
Indication : Hyperacidity, calcium deficiency
Contraindication : Sarcoidosis, kidney stones
Side effect : Constipation, bloating, gas
Generic name : Sodium bicarbonate
Trade name : Baking soda
Dosage : 325mg 1-4 times daily
Indication : Relieve heartburn, stomach acid
Contraindication : Hypersensitivity, unknown abdominal pain
Side effect : Loss of appetite, nausea, headache
Non systemic effect
Generic name : Magnesium trisilicate
Trade name :Gaviscon Regular Strength Tablets
Dosage : 10-20ml TID
Indication : Relieves pain and discomfort of indigestion and heartburn
Contraindication : Severe renal failure, hypertension
Side effect : Constipation, nausea, diarrhea
Generic name : Magnesium phosphate
Trade name : Magnesium phosphate
Dosage : 350mg daily
Indication : Magnesium deficiency
Contraindication :
Side effect : Nausea, fast or slow heart rate
Histamine2 blockers
Generic name : Nizatidine
Trade name : Axid, Tazac
Dosage : 150-300mg twice daily
Indication : Esophagitis include erosive and ulcerative esophagitis, heartburn due to GERD
Contraindication : Stomach cancer, chronic kidney disease
Side effect : Headache, diarrhea, Stomach pain
Proton pump inhibitors
Generic name : Pantroprazole
Trade name : Protonix
Dosage : 40mg once a day
Indication : Peptic ulcer, GERD
Contraindications : Inadequate vitamin B12
Side effect : Joint pain, diarrhea, gas
Antidiarrheal drugs
Diarrhea is frequent liquid stool (microorganism, food, malabsorption syndrom or inflammatory bowel disease)
Opioids - reduce muscle contractions of intestine
Generic name : Loperamide
Trade name : Imodium
Dosage : 4-8mg daily in divided doses
Indication : Chronic and acute diarrhea
Contraindication : Liver problems, bloody diarrhea
Side effect : Constipation, abdominal pain, bloody stool
Adsorbents - attract and bind to irritants/other substances in intestine
Generic name : Bismuth subsalicylate
Trade name : Pepto-Bismol
Dosage : 262mg every 1/2-1 hour
Indication : Diarrhea, heartburn, indigestion
Contraindication : Diabetes, decreased kidney function
Side effect : Abdominal pain, anxiety, confusion
Oral Rehydration Preparations - treat dehydration resulting from diarrhea and vomiting
Anti-emetics
Dopamine antagonists
Generic name : Thorazine
Trade name : Chlorpromazine
Dosage : 25-50mg every 3-4 hours
Indication : Nausea and vomiting
Contraindication : Hypersensitivity, coma
Side effect : Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
Anticholinergics
Generic name : Atropine
Trade name : Atropen
Dosage : 0.4 to 1mg via IV every 1 to 2 hours as needed
Indication : Anticholinergic poisoning, bradycardia
Contraindication : Overactive thyroid gland, asthma and high blood pressure
Side effect : Dry mouth, blurred vision, dizziness
Serotonin antagonist
Generic name : Ondansetron
Trade name : Ondavell
Dosage : 8mg bd
Indication : Management of cytotoxic chemo & radiotherapy included nausea and vomiting
Contraindication : Hypersensitivity
Side effect : Headache, sensation of warmth or flushing
Antihistamine
Generic name : Promethazine
Trade name : Phenergan
Dosage : 10-20mg 2-3 times daily
Indication : Allergic conditions, insomnia, nausea and vomiting
Contraindication : Coma, compromised respiratory function
Side effect : Blurred vision, constipation
Benzodiazepines
Generic name : Diazepam
Trade name : Valium
Dosage : 2-10mg 2-4 times daily
Indication : Management of anxiety disorder
Contraindication : Depression, COPD
Side effect : Dizziness, nausea, constipation
