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The First World War - Coggle Diagram
The First World War
Phases of the war
Trench warfare (1915–16)
Western Front between Germany and the Allies
built trenches
to defend themselves using new weapons
used new military tactics
Battle of Jutland
British defeated the German
use of
submarines
battleships
Incorporation and withdrawal of allies (1917)
1917
United States
join the war on the side of the Allies
1 January 1917
Germany
initiated submarine attacks
endangering the American merchant fleet
Peace of Brest-Litovsk
cause of a political and social revolution
in the Russian Empire
Initial German offensives (1914)
Schlieffen Plan
Germany put it into effect
offended Western Front
indaving
Belgium
north of France
aim of reaching Paris
France was defeated
German troops
advanced on the Eastern Front to fight the Russians
failed
stoped by
French and British armies
First Battle of the Marne
Japan
occupied the German colonies in the Pacific and China
The end of the war and the Armistice (1918)
American help
of troops and weapons
Second Battle of the Marne
Allied forces to advance on the Western Front
11 November 1918
the Armistice was signed
in abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II
Pre-war crises
1908
the Austro-Hungarian Empire annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina
angered Russia and Serbia
1911
Germany recognised Morocco as a French protectorate
France ceded a part of its territories in the Congo to Germany
1905
Germany failed on trying to establish Morocco as a German protectorate
1912-13
Greece and Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire
Treaty of Bucharest
Peace sttlement
January 1919
Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
representatives of the victorious countries meeting
decision of
peace conditions that would be imposed on the defeated countries
Fourteen Points
proposed on January 1918
by Woodrow Wilson
basis for peace negotiations
based on
establishment of democratic states
creating a League of Nations
freedom of trade
respect a nation's self-determination
rejected by the Allied countries
Italy
Britain
France
wanted Germany to pay for the damage
After negotiations
Paris Peace Settlement (1919–1920)
five separate treaties ratified by the Allied countries
signed by each of the defeated countries
settlements
Austria
Treaty of Saint Germain
Hungary
Treaty of Trianon
Bulgaria
Treaty of Neuilly
Germnay
Treaty of Versailles
particularly severe terms
prohibition of heavy artillery
planes and submarines
payment of huge economic reparations
reduction of its territories
France
Alsace-Lorraine
loss of the Sudetenland
demilitarisation of the region of the Rhineland
division of its eastern territories into two parts
give Poland access to the sea
source of future conflict
Ottoman Empire
Treaty of Sèvres
Causes
Europe with those tensions
created a pre-war atmosphere
European powers
increase spending on arms
increase their military capability
Governments
influenced public opinion in favour of war
Pacifist movements
failed
examples
the Second International
the Catholic Church
28 June, 1914
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
was assassinated in Sarajevo
Austrian government blamed Serbia
sent them an ultimatum (ignored)
shot by a young Bosnian Serb nationalist
28 July 1914
Austro-Hungarian Empire
declared war on Serbia
sources of tension
Alsace-Lorraine
France
was trying to recover it
it had lost to the German Empire
in the Franco-Prussian War
competed with Germany for control of colonies
especially Morocco
Great Britain
saw the supremacy of its merchant navy threatened
by the German Empire
become an economic power during the Second Industrial Revolution
in order to dominate international trade
a large fleet of merchant ships was constructed
the Balkans
competition to control the area
between
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Russian Empire
Serbia
angry with Austro-Hungarian Empire
crises
Economy and society
economy
Agricultural and consumer goods production
decrease
prices increased
Government control on
distribution of basic goods and food
industrial sector
produced military equipment and supplies
introdcuccion of
Rationing
the black market developed
society
young men
recruited into the armed forces
women
allowed to work
in economic sectors that had previously only been done by men
industry, transport and offices...
Conseuqences
Territorial consequences
The new map of Europe
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia (the union of Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia and Bosnia-Herzegovina
Russian Empire
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland and Poland
German Empire
the German Republic, part of Czechoslovakia and part of Poland
Ottoman Empire
Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, part of Arabia and Palestine
Redistribution of the colonies belonging to the defeated countries
Social and economic consequences
Incorporation of women in the workplace
Loss of Europe's economic power
Destruction of the cities
Decrease in population
Alliances
opposing sides
The Central Powers
Austro-Hungarian Empire allied with the German and Ottoman empires
joined by Bulgaria
The Allies
Serbia allied with the Triple Entente
joined by
Belgium, Japan, Italy, Romania, the United States, Greece, Portugal, China, and various Latin American republics
Italy
neutral before 1915
joined the Allies in order to recover Trieste and Istria
