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CNS stimulants - Coggle Diagram
CNS stimulants
amphetamine
indication
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Amphetamine activates receptors in the brain and increases the activity of a number of neurotransmitters, especially norepinephrine and dopamine
side effect
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apprehension, anxiety, irritability, and restlessness
contraindication
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moderate to severe hypertension, or high blood pressure
overactive thyroid, known as hyperthyroidism
history of depression, bipolar disorder, motor or verbal tics, or Tourette’s syndrome
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mechanism of action
Amphetamine increases monoamine and excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, with its most pronounced effects targeting the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitter systems.
phendimetrazine
indication
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stimulates the central nervous system (nerves and brain), which increases your heart rate and blood pressure and decreases your appetite
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storage
cool dry place, away from moisture and light
mechanism of action
A phenylalkylamine sympathomimetic with activity similar to amphetamines that stimulates the central nervous system (CNS) and elevates blood pressure (BP) most likely mediated via norepinephrine and dopamine metabolism. Causes stimulation of the hypothalamus.
pentamine
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mechanism of action
is an indirect-acting sympathomimetic agent that acts by releasing noradrenaline from the presynaptic vesicles in the lateral hypothalamus. This increase in noradrenaline concentration in the synaptic cleft results in the stimulation of beta2-adrenergic receptors. Phentermine is classified as an indirect sympathomimetic due to the increase in the level of norepinephrine, dopamine and its indirect effect towards serotonin
route of administration
oral, intramuscular, intravenous route
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storage
away from warmth, light and moisture
oxybate
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mechanism of action
Sodium oxybate is the sodium salt of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), an endogenous compound and metabolite of the neurotransmitter GABA. It is postulated that the therapeutic effects of sodium oxybate on cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness are attributed to GABA-B receptor agonist activity
side effect
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feelings of numbness, tingling, pricking, burning, or creeping on the skin
contraindication
breathing disorder such as asthma, emphysema, or bronchitis
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indication
This medication is used to treat narcolepsy, a condition that causes severe daytime sleepiness
decreases daytime sleepiness and also reduce the number of sudden short attacks of weak/paralyzed muscles (known as cataplexy) that can occur in patients with narcolepsy
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