Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Language, Form & Structure - Coggle Diagram
Language, Form & Structure
Form
-
-
-
-
POV
First person, second person, third person
-
Use of headings, subheadings - form = style of headings
structure = frequency of headings + structure of topics
Genre
Genre (article, promotional text, speech, biography, podcast, novel etc.)
Sub-genre/theme (politics, travel, world peace, romance, historical fiction, sci-fi etc.)
Paragraph Length
Lengthy = more formal, academic, more educated or professional reader (essays, studies, broadsheet newspapers etc.)
Short = less formal, general public, texts for entertainment (blogs, tabloids etc)
-
Type of writing: descriptive; narrative; expository; persuasive; technical, dialogue, direct quotes, logos, pathos.
Font style - Bold, italics, underline, spacing
-
Structure
Pace - slow, dreamy, fast, exciting, chaotic etc.
-
Long complex sentences - used to add descriptive detail; or for character it can be like a stream of consciousness where they revel their thoughts.
Punctuation e.g. ellipsis - used for effect e.g. authors use of ellipsis can be used to create cliff hanger or suspense; show characters uncertainty.
Simple sentences - used to create dramatic effect, tension. Could also suggest fear & fast-paced or thoughts.
Extended metaphors - e.g. life is a journey - fork in the road (choices) - a person as the sun (life source) - prison (feeling trapped) - little bird (vulnerability)
Narrative structure - How a writer shapes a story to create certain effects (tension, suspense, cliff-hangers, curiosity etc.)
Syntax
-
The order of ideas can affect the reader. e.g. the writer can prepare the reader's mind by creating pathos (pity) at the beginning of a piece (referring to a sick/vulnerable child or giving shocking facts about poverty etc.) in order to persuade the reader to do something/believe something later in a text. The writer can soften the mind of the reader at the beginning.
-
Panning - Often used to pan across a city or beach as if showing the reader a photograph or inviting the reader to insert him/her/themselves into the scene.
Making the reader believe they are in the scene, looking across a beach, or a mountain etc.
Listing - a series of items in meaningful sequence (can be syndetic (normal), asyndetic (without conjunctions) or polysyndetic (lots of conjunctions)
External to internal - shifts from external to internal (and vice versa) - Moving from an outside focus (landscape, beach etc.) to an inside focus (cosy hotel room etc.).
Subordinate clauses - (dependent clause): word group that contains both a subject and a verb, plus any accompanying phrases or modifiers, cannot stand alone, does not express a complete thought
Order of ideas
Syntax (long sentences, short sentences, minor sentences (short verbless sentences), cumulative sentences, periodic sentences.
Periodic - (the sense of the sentence is at the end of the sentence - there is a sense of suspense, build-up)
Cumulative - (the sense of the sentence/main clause is at the beginning of the sentence with lost of descriptive details/imagery added afterwards to accumulate more details)
Long sentences - might reflect content (flowing river) or state of mind (worried thoughts) (relaxed state if smooth transitions through clauses/phrases)
Short sentences/exclamatory phrases: might show heightened state of emotion (excitement, fear, anguish, confusion etc.)
Main clause - (independent clause): a group of words that have a subject and a verb and can stand by itself as a complete sentence.
Pace - slow, dreamy, fast, exciting, chaotic etc.
-
-
-
Compound-complex sentence - a sentence with at least one dependent clause and two or more independent clauses
Argumentative structure - showing Counterarguments and Arguments (only in discursive/argumentative texts).
Compound sentence - a sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions
PEEL
-
E - techniques used (Language, form, structure), what is going on in the quote
-
L - link with technique/quote to the effect of reader, why
Language
Hyperbole - Exaggerating for a purpose, we gorged on a banquet of beans on toast.
Dissonance - discordant combination of sounds. E.g. clash, spew and slow pang of grinding waves against the quay.
Colloquial language - used in speech with an informal meaning - e.g. chill, out of this world.
Dialogue - conversation between 2 or more people - can be imagined between narrator & reader. Show conflict or intimacy.
Alliteration - first letter repeated in words that follow, cold, crisp, crust of clean clear ice
Assonance - same vowel sound is repeated but consonants are different, sharp, dark glance.
-
Imagery - strong pictures or ideas are created, Similes, metaphors and personification are used.
Irony - words or ideas are used sarcastically or humorously to imply the opposite of what they mean.
Metaphor - one word or phrase used to imply figurative resemblance, not literal e.g. he flew into a room
Onomatopoeia - sounds like what it is describing, e.g. drip, bang
Oxymoron - 2 words normally not associated are brought together, cold heat, bitter sweet
-
Personification - where human quality is attributed to a thing or idea, e.g. the moon calls me to her darkened world
-
Simile - where a phrase establishes similarity between two things, like or as - he is as quick as an arrow in flight.
Symbolism - objects, colours, sounds and places may work as symbols. sometimes give insight to themes.
Tone - creation of mood, sadness, gloom. Different element of writing to achieve this.
Word choice - Authors choice of language, may use words commonly associated with a certain subject, experience or state of mind