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Lecture 11: Diabetic foot infections/Chilblain like lesions & COVID-19…
Lecture 11: Diabetic foot infections/Chilblain like lesions & COVID-19
Diabetes mellitus
A chronic health condition affecting the levels of the blood sugar in the bloodstream.
Prevalence
Worldwide
537 mil adults
Ireland
250 thousand
Types
Type I
Prevalence
28,800 (Ireland, 2021)
5-10% of diabetics
Cause
Auto-immune condition
Diagnosis
Usually in children and young adults
Treatment
Insulin->lifelong
Prevention
None known
Type II
Prevalence
234,398 (Ireland, 2021)
90-95% of diabetics
Diagnosis
Develops over many years. Usually adults
Treatment
Lifestyle and diet changes
Medication
Insulin (late stages)
Prevention
Healthy weight
Physical activity
Foot related complications
Diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage)
Loss of sensation
Muscles affected
Peripheral vascular disease
Increased duration of healing
Risk of ulcers or gangrene
Diabetic foot
Common problems
Athlete's foot
Nail infection
Corn/calluses
Blisters
Bunions
Diabetic ulcers
Chilblain like lesions and COVID-19
Chilblains
Small, itchy, "burning", red patches usually appear after exposure to low temperatures.
Caused by inflammation of tiny blood vessels.
They usually clear up on their own.
COVID-19
Caused by SARS-CoV-2
Triggers a strong type I interferon response
Causes vascular and endothelial damage
Strong links between chilblain like lesions and COVID-19
Other dermatological links
Morbilliform rash
Excellent prognosis
Urticaria
Mild disease
Vaso-occlusive lesions
Associated with severe disease and ICU admission