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HAI Diarrhea - Coggle Diagram
HAI Diarrhea
Epidemiology
Increasingly important problem
Causative organisms
C. difficile
Rotavirus
Norovirus
"Winter vomiting bug"
Can be associated with outbreaks
Usually restricted to wards
Clustering of susceptible patients + heavy environmental contamination
Predisposing factors
Broad spectrum antibiotic use
Older age
Increased length of stay in hospital
Nasogastric tube feeding
Severe illness
Chemotherapy
Transmission
Direct
Person-to-person
Between patients and personal
Indirect
Contaminated objects by spores
Spores viable for 6 months
Pathogenesis
Antibiotics change/disrupt normal colonic flora
Establishment/proliferation of
C. difficile
Toxin A and B production
Anaerobes maintain bowel homeostasis
Prevent colonisation by enter-pathogens
Treatment/Prevention
Prevention
Practitioner
Hand washing
Aseptic technique when inserting/removing catheters
Patient
Shorter hospital stays
Early removal of invasive devices
Isolation of infectious patients