Chemistry 🍌🔜🔥
chemical reactions
How we know its a chemical reaction?
a new substance is formed
different properties
Chemical Change
Elements bonded together
Reactants: the ones who react in a chemical reaction
Products: are formed from the chemical reaction
Mass conservation: Atoms are mass. No atoms are lost. No new atoms are produced
Properties
Type of substance
colour
magnetic or not
reaction with hydrochloric acid
Types of chemical reactions:
exothermic
endothermic
cooler than the surroundings
hotter than the surroundings
How to measure the rate of reaction?
Energy diagrams
how fast the energy or mass is released by the reactants (exothermic)
how fast the energy or mass is absorbed by the products (endothermic )
Examples of equations:
iron + sulfur → iron sulfide
magnesium + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + hydrogen
sodium hydrogen carbonate + citric acid → sodium citrate + water + carbon dioxide
magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide
Many metals react to oxygen if they are hot enough
Displacement reactions
its when a more reactive metal mixes with a less reactive metal in a compound. The more reactive metal kicks out the less reactive metal in the compound
For example
copper sulphate + iron→ Iron sulphate+ copper
Reactivity series
The reactivity series is simply a list of common metals in order of reactivity
In any displacement reaction, the less reactive element is always replaced by a more reactive element.
Equations words
Sulphide : SO4
nitrate: NO
Hydrochloric acid: HCI
citrate: CHO
Periodic table
Hydrogen : H
Helium: He
Lithium: Li
Beryllium: Be
Carbon: C
Boron: B
Nitrogen: N
Nitric acid: HNO
Oxygen: O
Fluorine: F
Neon: Ne
Sodium: Na
Magnesium: Mg
Aluminium: Al
Silicon: Si
Phosphorus
Sulfur: S
chlorine: Cl
Argon: Ar
Potassium: K
Calcium: Ca
K,Na,Ca,Mg,Al,C,Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb, H, Cu, Ag, Au, Pt
potassium, sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Carbon, Zinc, Iron, Tin, Lead, Hydrogen, Copper, silver, gold, platium.
What factors affect the rate of reaction
Increasing the temperature (more energy)
use of catalyst
increasing concentration of liquid reactants
increasing pressure of gaseous reactants
increasing the amount of solid reactants
reducing the volume of the container
We can say that a chemical reaction its made by the collision of different atoms that have enough energy and same orientation
increased surface area of solid reactants, having more individual particles
Diffusion
Goes from high to a low concentration
spreads through gases and liquids
Brownia and motion
the random movement of particles