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HAI UTIs - Coggle Diagram
HAI UTIs
Epidemiology
Over 80% associated with indwelling urinary catheters
5-10% associated with genitourinary manipulations
Surgery
Cystoscopy
Causative organisms
80% from gram - bacteria
Usually from normal flora
Skin
GIT
Bacteria transmitted from hospital
May be antibiotic resistant
VRE
ESBL
E. Coli
MRSA
Contact spread
Risk factors
Duration of catheterization
3-6% bacteriuria rate per day of indwelling catheter
Can increase to ~50% if longer than 10 days
Treatment/Prevention
Asymptomatic
Does NOT require treatment
Symptomatic/septic
Empiric and targeted therapy
Prevention
Avoid catheterisation unless necessary
Remove catheter ASAP
Aseptic technique during catheter insertion
Hand washing
Aseptic technique when obtaining urine specimen
Maintain closed drainage system
Minimize catheter manipulation
Pathogenesis
Direct inoculation during catheter insertion
Bacteria migrates to bladder in space between walls of catheter and urethra
Migration along inner lumen of indwelling catheters
Biofilm formation
Bacteria protect from antibiotics and host defense
Bacteria grow slower and less susceptible to antibiotics
Clinical Manifestations
Most cases are asymptomatic
