Immune System- Gladis Vazquez Period 5
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Humoral response and cellular response
Antigens and antibodies
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Passive vs. Active immunity
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
Disorders associated with the Immune system
T-cell
cytotoxic T cell
can kill cells infected by virus or bacteria and cancer cells
helper T cell
clones itself to send messages to the macrophages
Macrophage
activates B cell and becomes memory cell
engulf pathogens that invaded that open wounded ares and activates/ communicates with NKC
plasma cell
formed by B cell, secrete antibodies from white blood cell
complement cell
stuns and kills the bacteria
B cell
creates antibodies to defeat pathogens
dendrite cell
get helper T cell for help
neutrophils
help macrophages kill invading pathogens/bacteria
memory T cell
remains and has antibodies for the bacteria that entered
natural killer cell
work with macrophages kills anything invading
long lived plasma cell
produce all antibodies to stay for a life time
Active Immunity
memory B cell are produced since there was an immune response in the person
obtained through antigen exposure
long lasting immunity
Passive Immunity
short term immunity
obtained by reciving antibodies
no memory B cell are produced due to no antigen contact
red bone marrow
T cell and B cell mature in the bone marrow
peyers patches
on the small intestine
thymus
lymphocytes develop
more actgive in newborne than adults
appendix
destroy bacteria before it breaches the intestine wall during absorpotion
gets rid of bacteria from entering the intestine
tonsils
gather and remove pathogen from entering the body through the mouth
spleen
salvages iron for hemoglobin
cleanses blood for foreign matter
site for immune surveiliance
stores compontents
white pulp
houses for immune functions
red pulp
houses old and damaged red blood cells
lymphatic system
drains tissue fluids, waste products and fight against infections
lymphatic vessels collect and return excess intersitial fluid tot he bloodstream
lymph nodes
fight against infection
if swollen means thatr they are working against the virus or sickness
immune system
innate
born with it
internal defense
antimicrobial prteins
phagocytes
natural killer cell
inhibits spread of the invaers throughout the body
can perform phagocytosis
the cell engulfs a pathogen
the pathogen sits inside a vessle
vessel merges with a lysosome
remains leaves the cell via exocytosis
immflammatory response
external membranes
skin
keratinized hard to break through
mucous membranes
defense are antimircrobial peptides
lysosomes destory bacteria
body cavities are lines with mucous
acidity inhobites bacterial growth
microoganisms get stuck in the mucous
when sick the immune system is weakened and covers the system to react to protect the body
adaptive
require activation
which an organism acquires following disease exposure
learn over time, learn of specific response for specific antigen and future defense
form memory cells to protect from futher attacks
innate immune defense
physical barriers
muscous membrane
skin
chemical barriers
stomach acid
lysosomes
sweat
complement
chemicals that trigger, form membrane attack complex
inflammation
red, hot, swollen, oain
they do not require activation
these cells are able to immediately act on pathogens
non specfic means that it will react or attack anything in the body
adaptive immune defense
require activiation
which and organism acquires following disease exposure
leukocytes
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
blood vessel
specific
attcks or reacts to a specfifc pathogen, anything in hte body it wants
respond more slowly: accomplished by specailized lymphocytes, which secretes cytokines or antibodies
first line of defense
skin
has keratinzied layer
must be cut open in order for pathogens to invade
mechanical barriers
prevent entry of certain pathogens by providing a physical separation of pathogens and internal tissues
includes hair mucous and sweat
second line of defense
fever
phagocytic cells attacks with more vigorous behavior when we have a fever
provides hostile environment for pathogens that reproduce best under normal human conditons
occurs when body temp is re set to a higher set point
elevated body temp
elevated body temo causes liver and spleen to take up iron, reducing the amount in blood, keeping it fungi or bacteria
natural killer cell (NKC)
also secrete substance that enhance inflammation
small group of lymphocytes, other than T and B cells
defend the body against viruese and cancer cell by secreteing peforin which breaks apart cell membranes
inflammation
characterized by pain, redness, swelling and heat
a tissue response to injury or infection
to stop the spread of pathogens and infections
dilation of blood
chemical barriers
chemicals that kill many pathogens
interferons
hormones like peptides secreted by lymphoscytes and fibroblast when viruses or tumor cell are present
in viral replication and slow tumor growth
phagocyosis
phagocytes are attracted to the injured area by chemical toxins in which they are attracted by chemicals from injuerd cells
engulfment and digestion of pathogens, foreign particles and debris
most active phagocytes are neutrophils and monocytes, which leave the bloodsteam in areas of injury
monocytes
give rise to macrophages outside of blood, which either become free or become fixed in various tissue
neutrophils
engulf smaller particles, monocytes attacks larger areas
third line of defense
cellular immune response
humoral immune reponse
humoral response
can be attained artifically through vaccines
can be attained naturally through infections
contains an inactive form of pathogens to perpare for real infections or virus
passive humoral immunity
can have antibodies be introduced directly into body
cellular response
cytotoxic T cells monitor the body cells, recongnizing and eliminating cencer cells and virus - infected cells
requires T cells
requires activition with an ecounter with antigen presenting cell like a macrophage
helper T cell stimulate B cell to prodcue antibodies against the displayed antigen
T cell
memory T cell provide response to any future
dividing to produce a large number of cytotoxic T cell
anitgen
antigen presenting cell (denritic cells)
pathogens have foreign surface protiens
foreign substance recognized by the body as not belonging to the body
derived from antubody generating
proteins, polyssaccharides
different lymphocytes will recognized different determinants
antibodies
antibodies can mark them for recongition and destruction by phagoctyes
artificially accuired passive immunity
no immune response, no memory B cells produced
involves the injection of gamma globulins containing antibodies or antiserum
short term immunity because of no antigen exposure
artifically acquired active immunity
occurs through the use of vaccines w/out the person becoming ill from the disease
vaccines contain dead or wear pathogen person develop long term immunity
naturally acquired passive immunity
short term immunity due to lack of an immune response and lack of memory B cell formation
when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system
occur in pregnancy as the mother passes the antibody down to the fetus
naturally acquired active immunity
occurs when a person is exposed to live pathogen develop tbe disease and then develops immunity
occurs after exposure to the antigen
type one diabetes
your immune system has attacked the insulin producing beta cell in your pancreas
you cant make enough of your own insulin and need to replace it through injections or a pumps
rheumatiod arthrits
attacks the joints usually many joints at once
your immune system attcks healthy cells in your body by mistake
causing inflammation in the affected parts of the body
lupus
immune system attacks your tissues and organs
inflammations caused by lupos can affectmany differebt body systems including your joint skin kidneys blood cells brain heart and lungs