Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Immune System
Karina Quinones, P6 - Coggle Diagram
Immune System
Karina Quinones, P6
-
-
Purpose and Examples of First, Second, and Third Line of Defense
Second Line of Defense: Cells and Chemicals - apart of the innate (nonspecific) defense system
- anitmicrobial proteins, phagocytes, and other cells that inhibit the spread of invaders; inflammation is the most important mechanism
- example: inflammatory responses, fever, phagocytosis, pus
- Phagocytosis: phagocyte adheres to pathogens or debris and eventually toxic compounds destroy pathogens
Third Line of Defense: apart of the adaptive (specific) defensive system
- recognizes and targets specific antigens and mounts an even stronger attack to "known antigens"
- example: humoral immunity and cellular immunity
First Line of Defense: Surface Barriers - apart of the innate (nonspecific) defense system
- skin and mucous membranes produce protective chemicals that inhibit or destroy microorganisms
- external body membranes (skin and mucosae)
examples: skin, tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, urine flow
-
-
-
-
Antigens and Antibodies
Antigens: substances that can mobilize adaptive defenses and provoke an immune response, most are large and complex molecules that are not normally found in body (nonself)
Self- Antigens: MHC proteins - all cells are covered with variety of proteins located on surface that are not antigenic to self, but may be antigenic to others in transfusions or grafts (Important self protein: glycoproteins called MHC Proteins that contain a groove that hold a piece of self antigen or foreign antigen)
Antibodies, aka immunoglobins, are proteins secreted by plasma cells that are capable of binding specifically with antigen detected by B cells and grouped into five Ig classes: IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE
Antibodies do not destroy antigens; they inactivate and tag them to form antigen - antibody complexes, the defensive mechanisms used by antibodies
- neutralization: antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins
- agglutination: allows for antigen - antibody complexes to become cross linked into large, lattice-like clumps
- precipitation: soluble molecules are cross-linked into complexes
- complement fixation: when several antibodies are bound closely to same antigen, complement binding sites on stem regions are aligned
-