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week 7: Occupational Health, Highly vulnerable populations, Reading Air…

- - - - Week 8 Reading: One of the world's worst air pollution
        
        In 1952, in London, the government noticed high concentration of air pollutant due to burned coal during winter.
        
        The levels of sulfur dioxide and total of particulate matter was unprecedented.
        
        strong rise of air pollution was followed by sickness and death.
        
        Week 8: Air pollution
        
        What is air pollution?
        
        Air pollution constitutes substances harmful to human health found in the air we breathe from either natural or human made sources
        
        We measure air pollution as the ambient concentration of a particular pollutant in a particular location
        
        What are the types of air pollution
        
        sulfur dioxide
        
        water soluble has produced from combustion
        
        causes ecological harm
        
        Power plants main source of U.S emission
        
        reduce lung function, eye irritation, adverse pregnancy outcome, mortality
        
        1 more item...
        
        Volatiles organic coumpounds
        
        example: Benzene chloroform, methanol
        
        Motor vehicle produce 75% of VOC emission
        
        create respiratory tract irritation and inflammation, headaches, carcerigonicity
        
        1 more item...
        
        Tropospheric Ozone
        
        Gas in the troposphere
        
        seasonal
        
        breaks molecule bonds and rapidly damage human tissue, lung disease, accelerate lung aging
        
        1 more item...
        
        How to prevent and control air pollution?
        
        1 more item...
        
        How can we categorize air pollutant?
        
        By source
        
        By physical and chemical structures
        
        By how they are regulated.
        
        By primary pollutants: lead, carbon monoxide
        
        By secondary pollutants: Tropospheric zone
        
        Week 8 Reading: ASD
        
        assessed prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution in Metro Vancouver, Canada
        
        Results show that autism has ties with airborne irritants
        
        length of prenatal exposure (temporality) plays a role in determining risk for prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
        
        Week 9 lecture water scarcity and chemical contaminants in water sources.
        
        water scarcity
        
        types of freshwater
        
        surface water: water opened to the atmosphere
        
        groundwater: supply of fresh water beneath the ground
        
        2 more items...
        
        Chemical contaminants in water sources
        
        Point sources: a fixed facility which pollutant are discharged
        
        Natural vs Anthropogenic chemical contaminats
        
        3 more items...
        
        Non point source: diffuse pollution sources (agriculture, mining, constructions.
    - - Prevention
        
        Short video OSHA
        
        OSHA, in order to prevent imminent dangers,catastophes, and respond to workers complaints conduct inspections without advance notice, investigates onsite and remote
        
        Workers behavioral control
        
        Industrial hygienist
        
        process reengineering: reimagininf
        
        Product or process subs: substituting product that may be high risks
        
        administrative controls: strategies to prevent injuries
        
        Reading: LIVE LIFE prevention suicide
        As mentioned previously, some injuries are preventable. Suicide is one of them.
        
        every 40 sec a person dies from suicide.
        
        Adolescents and adults are at risk
        
        It is the second leading cause of death in adolescents age 15-19 years old.
        LIVE LIFE stands for:
        Leadership, Interventions, Vision, Evaluation.
        Less, Interactions with media, Form the young, Early identification.
      - Week 7 Reading Moyce and Schenker
        
        Females migrating abroad for work may face higher health risks than male counterparts do, and differences in mental health outcomes, cancer rates, occupational health, and reproductive health
- - - - single transfer example:
        
        Broken hip
        
        gun shot
      - Cumulative energy: repetitive domestic - violence, overuse injury in atlethe, single motion job.
      - What causes injury?
        
        Treshold exceeding limit that organs and tissues can handle.
        
        Energy: The impact of a bullet is a great example
        
        Pathways to energy caused injury
        
        Injury threshold: due to exceeding limit of tissue threshold
        
        Interference: drowning, overdose, suffocation
        
        Implications of energy transfer model
        
        Injury or violence outcome depends on:
        
        energy type
        
        modality of transfer
        
        Body component
        
        Intentionality
        
        Violence must be included within the energy transfer (social context)
        Perpetrator vs. Victims
        
        community violence
        
        can be studied as an infectious disease
        
        can be seen as a socially contagious phenomenon.
        e.g: Violence as a learned behavior.
        
        9% of world's death injury and violence: 25% suicide and 25% homicide road and traffic injuries
        
        33% of all women experience sexual violence: 20% girls and 10% of boys.
        
        In the US, injury accounts for 30 million emergency dept visits anually
        
        leading cause of death for those 1-45 years of age.
        
        Violence are preventable (infant car seat) and predictable using the Haddon Matrix tool.