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Antidiabetic drugs - Coggle Diagram
Antidiabetic drugs
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Mechanism of action
The sulphonylureas drugs lower the blood glucose levels by increasing insulin production by the pancreas. They also increase the sensitivity of the tissues to insulin
Metformin may reduce glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal tract
Stimulate uptake of glucose into muscle
Reduce glucose release from the liver
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Insulin binds to a specific insulin receptor on cell membranes and this triggers the cells response.
The transportation of glucose and sugars away from the blod into the cellls occur.
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Indications
FDA-approved indications for the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs primarily focus on type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Non-FDA approved indications of oral hypoglycemic drugs, such as metformin, are for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus, treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus, treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with menstrual irregularities
and prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in PCOS patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF), and management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain
Contraindications
Metformin: Hypersensitivity to the drug, severe renal dysfunction, and metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis.
Sulfonylureas: Hypersensitivity to the drug or sulfonamide derivatives, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and diabetic ketoacidosis.
Thiazolidinediones: Hypersensitivity to the drug, history of heart failure, serious hepatic impairment, bladder cancer, history of macroscopic hematuria, and pregnancy.
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