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CNS stimulants - Coggle Diagram
CNS stimulants
Contraindications
cardiovascular impairment such as uncompensated heart failure,
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glaucoma, as these agents exhibit sympathomimetic activity and may induce mydriasis provoking an increase in intraocular pressure.
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Indications
They increase energy, improve attention and alertness, and elevate blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate.
CNS stimulants work, although they suspect they increase levels of one or more neurotransmitters in the brain,
stimulate the brain, speeding up both mental and physical processes.
They decrease the need for sleep, reduce appetite, improve confidence and concentration, and lessen inhibitions.
Mechanism of action
Caffeine has a unique mechanism as a stimulant as it works as an inhibitor at the adenosine receptors. Agonism at these receptors induces a sensation of drowsiness, and therefore inhibition at these receptors leads to increased energy levels.
The general mechanism of action of amphetamines is the induction of catecholamines, specifically norepinephrine and dopamine. These catecholamines lead to increased energy levels, euphoria, increased libido, and higher cognition
The induction of most of the effects of cocaine is through the blockade of the dopamine transporter protein. This results in increased dopamine levels at the synaptic cleft, and hence the effects of dopamine become amplified.
This is a CNS-stimulating agent used to treat sleepiness related to obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and shift-worker disorder. It is a weak dopamine uptake inhibitor, although the precise mechanism for its stimulating effects remains unknown.
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