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Diabetic neuropathy Screenshot_20220314_230029 - Coggle Diagram
Diabetic neuropathy
Definition
A type of nerve damage that can occur with diabetes, mostly affects legs and feet
Causes
Uncontrolled high sugar
Lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol use.
Medical injury
Risk factors
Poor blood sugar control
Diabetes history
Kidney disease
Being over weight
Smoking
Symptoms
Symptoms differ with each type of diabetic neuropathy, there are four types
Peripheral neuropathy (affect legs and feet)
Numbness
Tingling and burning sensation
Increased sensitivity to touch
Sharp pains or cramps
Autonomic neuropathy (affects heart, bladder, stomach, sex organs and eyes)
Hypoglycemia unawareness
Bladder or bowel problems
Slow stomach emptying
Decreased sexual response
Proximal neuropathy(affects thighs, hips, buttocks or legs)
Severe pain on a thigh or buttocks
Eventual weak and shrinking high muscles
Difficulty rising from sitting position
Severe stomach pain
Mononeuropathy(damage to specific nerve)
Difficulty focusing or double vision
Aching behind one eye
Paralysis on one side of face
Numbness or tingling
Weakness on hands
Diagnosis
Overall muscle strength and tone
Tendon reflexes
Sensitivity to touch and vibration
Filament test
Nerve conducting test
Muscle response testing
Autonomic testing
Pharmacological treatment
Pregabalin(Lyrica)
Gabapentin(Neurontin)
Duloxetine(Cymbalta)
Venlafaxine(Effexor)
Amitriptyline
Capsaicin(Qutenza)
Pathophysiology
uncontrolled high blood sugar damages nerves and interferes with their ability to send signals, leading to diabetic neuropathy. High blood sugar also weakens the walls of the small blood vessels (capillaries) that supply the nerves with oxygen and nutrients.
Prevention
Foot care
Glycemic control
REFERENCES
Carmella Wint, Mathew Solan, Brian Wu on December 2018
https://www.healtgline.com>health
Dyck PJ, Kratz KM, Karnes JL, Litchy WJ, Klein R, Pach JM. The prevalence by staged severity of various types of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy in a population based cohort, Neurology, 1993:43:817-824
www.aafg.org
Diet
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Brown rice
Avoid salt, canned soups and vegetables
Low fat dairy
Avoid boxed mixed op potatoes, ri e and pasta
Bran products
