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Microvascular complications of diabetes - Coggle Diagram
Microvascular complications of diabetes
Retinopathy
Signs and symptoms
Blurred vission
Venous loops
Retinal hemorrhages
Microaneurysms
Pathophysiology
Microaneurysm formation is the manifestation of diabetic retinopathy.
Microaneurysms may form due the release of vasoproliferative factors, weakness in the capillary wall or increase Intra lumininal pressure. Microaneurysms can cause vascular permeability in the macula which can lead to macula edema that that threatens central vission.
Neuropathy
Signs and symptoms
Wasted muscle, paralgesia with calf pain and ankle jerk reflexes
Pathophysiology
First diabetic nephropathy turn can result from increased glomerula capillary flow that in turn results in increased axtracellular matrix production and endothelial damage, this leads to increased glomerula permeability to Macro molecules
Second pathway is termed nonalbuminuric renal impairment is due to macrovascular and repeated unresolved episodes of acute kidney injury . Reduced glomerula filtration rate and albuminuria predicted death and progression to end stage renal disease better than glomerula filtration rate loss.
Diabetes neuropathy
Pathophysiology
Patients may present with neuropathy due to either mononeuritis or entrapment syndrome. This produces focal neurologic deficit confined to a single nerve. The rare but severe form of diabetes neuropathy is diabetes amyotrophy which begins with pain and is followed by severe weakness and spread from unilateral to bilateral. It resolves spontaneously in 18-24 months.
Signs and symptoms
Angina pectoris, dysthymia, slurred speech, facial droop and gait difficulties