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Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System
MAJOR FUNCTIONS
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MUCOUS MEMBRANE - bronchial tree filter, warm, & humidify incoming air
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DISORDERS
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SEASONAL FLU - A viral infection: there are many variations of this virus & it changes rapidly year to year which changes the severity symptoms.
COPD - Progressive disease that makes more difficult to breathe, includes emohysenia and chronic bronchitis
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UPPER RESPIRATORY
SINUSES - air filled spaces in the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones. sinuses open into the nasal cavity, reduce weight of skull, serve as resonant chambers for the voice
PHARYNX - Space behind oral & nasal cavities & larynx, Common passage way for any air & food from nasal & oral cavities, Aids in prouing sounds for speech, 3 subdivisions : Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, & Laryngopharynx
NOSE - Nostrils provide openings, entrance & exit of air, supported by bone and cartilage, and contain coarse hairs which prevent entry of particles
NASAL CAVITY - hollow space posterior to the nose, Divided medially by nasal septum, Nasal conchae scroll shaped bones that divide nasal cavity into passageway, Particles trapped in the mucus are carried to the pharynx from action of cilia from microorganisms in the mucus
LOWER RESPIRATORY
LUNGS - Soft spongy one shaped organ, separated by Mediastinum & enclosed by diaphragm & thoracic cage
TRACHEA - WINDPIPE cylindrical Tube extends downward anterior to the esophagus onto the throracic, Wall is supported by 20 incomplete c shaped cartilaginous rings, Inner wall line with cilated mucous membrane to the goblet cells
BRONCHIAL TREE - Alveoli which is a microscopic air sack from the lungs, Primary Bronchi: first branch, Secondary Bronchi: branches off main branches, Tertiary Bronchi: Brnches of lobar bronchi, Bronchioles: smaller tubular organs to the branch off segmental bronchi, Respiratory Bronchiles: Brnh off terminal bronchioles
LARYNX - Enlargement in the airway superior to the Trachea & inferior to the Larynogopharynx, Houses vocal cords, Made up of muscles & cartilage bound by elastic tissue, Thyroid cartilage which in men is the Adams Apple, 2 vocal folds Glottis & Epiglottis
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INSPIRATION & EXPIRATION
INSPIRATION - 2 muscles. ACCESSORY, which contains of stemocledomastord (etuates sternum), Scatense Group (elevates upper ribs), and Pecterolis Minor. The second muscle being PRINCIPAL which contains of External Intercostals, Interchondral part of internak intercostal (also elevates ribs), and Diaphragm ( increasing vertical dimensionof thoracic cavity)
EXPIRATION - 2 muscles. QUIET BREATHING, which is where expiration results from passive, elevate recoil of the lungs, rib cage and diaphragm. ACTIVE BREATHING which is Internal intercostals, except interchondral part (pulls ribs down) as well as Abdominals which bring down ribs and compress abdominal contents thus pushing diaphragm up.
VOLUMES & CAPACITIES
VOLUMES - 4 volumes. TIDAL VOLUME; volume of air that enters or exits the lungs during one cycle. INSPIRATORY VOLUME; volume of air that can be inhaled in addition to the tidal volume. EXPIRATORY VOLUME; volume of air that can be exhaled during a maximal forced expiration. RESIDUAL VOLUME; volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration
CAPACITIES - 4 capacities. INSPIRATORY CAPACITY; volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal resting expiration. FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY;volume of air that remains in the lungs after a resting expiration. VITAL CAPACITY; maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration. TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY; total volume of air that the lungs can hold
INTERNAL vs. EXTERNAL - internal is between the blood & body cells...External is between the lungs & body