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Is mask wearing during Covid-19 linked to social influence processes? -…
Is mask wearing during Covid-19 linked to social influence processes?
Background research on Covid-19 mask wearing
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends masks for the general public. Even if you are fully vaccinated, the CDC still recommend wearing masks indoors in public and outdoors in crowded areas or even when in contact with unvaccinated people. (
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-mask/art-20485449
)
The CDC says that you should wear the most protective mask possible that you'll wear regularly and that fits. Respirators such as non-surgical N95's give the most protection.KN95's and medical masks provide the next highest level of protection. Cloth maks provide less protection. The CDC says that surgical N95 masks should be reserved for health care providers. (
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-mask/art-20485449
)
The effectiveness of cloth and medical masks can be improved by ensuring that the masks are well fitted to the contours of your face to prevent leakage of air around the mask's edges. (
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-mask/art-20485449
)
Masks should be snug over the nose, mouth and chin, with no gaps. you should feel warm air coming through the front of the mask when you breathe out. you shouldn't feel air coming out under the edges of the mask. (
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-mask/art-20485449
)
What is social influence
Social Influence is people's thoughts, feelings and behaviour is affected by the presence or actions of others.
Define conformity
Conformity means compliance with standards, rules and regulations.
Background research on why people conform to the mask mandates
In the United States and abroad, legal mandates were the strongest predictor of mask wearing, but there was also systematic variation by level of education, gender, age group, race/ethnicity, and political affiliation. Survey data showed that:
in the US, college graduates were more likely to report having worn a mask all or most of the time (76%), compared with those without a college (60%)
Women (87%) were more likely than men (83%) to report wearing a mask
Adults over 65 reporteed wearing masks at higher rates than younger age-groups
whites were less likely to report wearing masks than other racial and ethnic groups
democrats were more likely than Republicans to report wearing masks (76% vs. 53&), and conservative Republicans were among the least likely to say they have worn a mask all of most of the time (49%) compared with 60% moderate Republicans. (
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0261321
)
Psychologists have stressed that psychological factors are essential to understanding and responding to COVID-19. european data reveal that psychological factors such as perceptions of risk, the observed behaviour of others, concerns for self-protection and protecting others, and perceptions of the judgement of others when wearing a mask were also found to be significant predictors of mask wearing. Self reported concerns about the behaviour and judgement of others suggest that social norms may influence decisions about when, where and with whom to wear a mask in public. (
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0261321
)
Explanations for conformity
Normative Social Influence
Emotional processes
Informational Social Influence
Cogntiive processes'
Research investigation options - include strengths and weaknesses of each
Ethical considerations
Types of conformity
Internationalism: An individual truly alters their behaviour and opinions to those a group.
Identification: An individual alters their behaviour and opinions because membership of that group is desirable or because they value something about the group
Compliance: An individual accepts social influence in order to acheive a favourable reaction from others around them and avoid disapproval.
Extraneous variables
Confounding variables – which variables need to be controlled?
Population and sample