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Chapter 3 ( vowels)
Allophones: Allophones are a kind of phoneme that changes its sound based on how a word is spelled. Think of the letter t and what kind of sound it makes in the word "tar" compared with "stuff." It's pronounced with a more forceful, clipped sound in the first example than it is in the second.
Close vowels
/ i, i:. u, u: / Describe in relation to tongue part position ( back or center), lips positions ( spread, round), tongue ( tense/ loose)
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Diphthongs
Centring: ending with a schwa. there are three. / eə ( here), ɪə ) pair), ʊə ( fur),
Closing: ending with a shirt /i,u/. there are five./ aɪ ( Buy), eɪ (Play) , əʊ ( slow), aʊ ( couch), ɔɪ ( boy)/
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Monophthongs description
• the horizontal tongue position (front–center–back); Tongue position is the most important variable in determining the sound of a vowel. For each of the twelve English monophthongs the tongue is curved in some way, such that one part of the tongue is closer to the roof of the mouth than any other part. This raised part may be the front of the tongue, raised towards the
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Chapter 4 ( consonants)
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Activities
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I am going to the party - to guess which consonant sound is held in common- ( particular consonant sounds). " I've got a ...., and I am going to the party. Yes (no), you are (not)
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Running dictation ( read the text, dictate, and write using the phonemic script) ( text can be either written in alphabets and transcribed or vice versa)