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Biological molecules: Chapter 4 Part- 2 - Coggle Diagram
Biological molecules: Chapter 4
Part- 2
Proteins:
Proteins are made up of sub- units called
amino acids
.
Different proteins
have
different sequences of amino acids.
Amino acids are soluble.
They contain
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen along with nitrogen and sometimes sulphur/ phosphorus.
Proteins which are
needed to build cell organelles
are known as
structural proteins
.
All enzymes are proteins:
-
Enzymes have active sites and are very specific.
Proteins are
very sensitive to pH and temperature.
If a protein is over- heated, cross linkages are broken, shape is lost and the protein is denatured.
There are 20 basic amino acids. Amino acids end with -ine. E.g. Valine, glutamine, lysine.
DNA:
Stands for
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
.
It is present in the
nucleus of the cells
and
controls the chemical changes.
It is made up of sub- units called are
nucleotides
. Each nucleotide is made up of:-
A sugar (Deoxyribose, lacks 1 oxygen atom), Phosphate group and an organic base.
There are
4 types of organic bases: A, T, C and G.
Nucleotides join together to form a long chain. It contains a sugar- phosphate backbone + bases.
Deoxyribose
is just like glucose but only with
5 carbon atoms and 1 oxygen atom less.
Phosphate group: (PO4)
Chains of nucleotides are formed.
Then A and T organic bases from the 2 separate nucleotides combine by a double bond and C and G organic bases from the 2 separate nucleotides combine by a triple bond.
Double helix (spiral) structure is formed.