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Presenting problem: Chest Pain_Mr RB, Unathi Tabata , TBTUNA001, Mind-map…
Presenting problem: Chest Pain_Mr RB
CVS related causes
Myocardial infarction
(Cardiac pain) -pressure or squeezing sensation , not relieved with nitrates
Myocarditis
: destruction of myocytes by viruses, drugs, bacteria
Pericarditis
(Pleuritic pain) due to infections
Mechanism
: inflammation of the pericardium >narrowing of the pericardial space >scarring
Vascular pain
: Aortic dissection-radiates to the back, sharp , tearing pain
Ischaemic Heart Disease:
Mechanism
: Narrowing of coronary arteries , worse on exertion , prolonged
Resp Related causes
Pneumothorax
:
Mechanism
-can either be spontaneous or due to trauma to the chest that cause pressure against the lung and therefore lead to chest tightness
Pneumonia(pleuritic chest pain)
:
Mechanism:
Inflammation of the air sacs causes the pleura to swell leading to chest tightness when breathing
Asthma
:
Mechanism
in asthma, your air sacs are inflamed and swollen breathing causing chest pain when breathing.
Chronic Bronchitis :
Mechanism:
airways become inflamed resulting to an irritation in the bronchi that causes chest pain and coughing
Pulmonary Tuberculosis(pleuritic)
:
Mechanism:
The fluid build up between thin membranes, the pleura, that surrounds the lungs and line the inside of the chest wall)
Pulmonary embolism:
Mechanism
: occlusion of pulmonary arteries causes impairment of gaseous exchange which leads to a sharp chest pain when taking a deep breath.
GIT related causes
Esophageal stricture
:
Mechanism:
narrowing of the esophagus causes chest pain when swallowing.
Peptic ulcer:
Mechanism
: burning abdominal pain extends from the umbilicus to the chest area.
GERD:
Mechanism:
tightening of muscles around the esophagus cause pain in the throat and the upper area of chest. The pain is worse when lying down , relieved by swallowing for an example, warm water
Pancreatitis:
Mechanism:
Abdominal pain radiates to the back and chest
Musculoskeletal Chest pain:
Rib fracture
: Mechanism: Ribs broken by injury cause sharp chest pain
Costochondritis
:
Mechanism:
Inflammation of the costochondral joint causes chest pain.
Characteristics of the musculoskeletal related chest pain
Chest wall tenderness
Prolonged
Worse with movement
CNS
Anxiety(central pain)
:
Mechanism
: anxiety causes muscle tension which causes chest pain.
Panic attacks:
Mechanism:
amygdala of the brain becomes activated> autonomic activation and hyperventilation leads to coronary artery spam that leads to chest pain.
Unathi Tabata , TBTUNA001
Mind-map of Primary Presenting Complaint
UNATHI TABATA