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Ethnicity, crime and justice - Coggle Diagram
Ethnicity, crime and justice
Sources of statistics
Victim surveys
Self-report studies
Official statistics
Racism and the criminal justice system
Arrests and cautions
Prosecution and trial
Stop and searvh
Patterns
Explanations
Police racism
Demographic factors
Ethnic differences in offending
Sentencing and prison
Phillips and Bowling - oppressive policing
over-policed
Under-protected
Mass stop and search, excessive surveillance etc
Explaining ethnic differences in offending
Neo-Marxism: black crime as a construct
Hall et al: policing the crisis
This is difficult during times of crisis
1970s moral panic of mugging
Ruling class can normally rule by consent
Black mugger served as scapegoat to distract from crisis of capitalism
Black youth presented as a threat to the fabric of society
The crisis of capitalism was marginalising black youth through unemployment
Recent explanations
Fitzgerald et al - Neighbourhood factors
Sharpe and Budd - Getting caught
Gilroy: the myth of black criminality
The CJS act on racist stereotypes
Crime as political resistance
Minority groups not more criminal
Gilroy's view similar to critical criminology
Evaluation
Left realism
Media emphasis on consumption promotes relative deprivation
Police racism is unlikely to account for differences in statistics
Racism has led to marginalisation and economic exclusion
Statistics represent real differences in offending between ethnic groups
Relative deprivation, marginalisation, subculture
These are caused by relative deprivation and marginalisation