Newton's Laws of Motion
Velocity vs. Mass
Newton's Second Law
Mass and Force
Space and Time
Large Mass
Large Velocity (close to speed of light c)
Small mass would be quantum relativity
Small velocity is classical mechanics
Large Mass, Large Velocity is relativistic mechanics
Vectors
Time is when things happen. It is a universal parameter everyone agrees on
Space is where things happen
Reference Frame is place of spatial origin with axes x, y, z
Inertial Frame is where basic laws of motion hold up (not accelerating or rotating)
*Reference Frames also have temporal origin
Newton's First Law
Units with speed and direction in space
Can be multiplied by cross product
Can be added together
Can multiply with a scalar
Can be differentiated
Derivative of velocity is acceleration
Derivative of position is velocity
Newton's Third Law
Force (N)
Mass (kg)
Proportional to weight
Characteristic of Inertia
A push or a pull
Point mass has mass but no size
Law of Inertia
Newton's Laws are valid in Inertial Frames ✅
In the absence of forces, a particle mass moves with constant velocity
For any particle of mass m, the net force is always equal to its mass times the particle's acceleration
F=ma
Can be integrated to find the position vector and velocity vectors
If one object exerts a force on object 2, then object 2 exerts a reaction force on object 1
Central forces
Magnetic Force
Gravitational Force
Static Force
Validity
It is an exact law for classical model
In relativistic domain, there is problems with simultaneity