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Daniela Estrada Period. 7 Concept Map 09: Respiratory…
Daniela Estrada Period. 7 Concept Map 09: Respiratory system
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Upper respiratory tract: is the nose, nasal cavity, sinus,and pharynx. The function is to open into the nasal cavity and serve as resonant chambers for the voice. The unction of the pharynx which is the throat is to create common passageways for air and food from the nasal and oral cavities.
Major functions of the respiratory system
It also consists of tubes that filter, warm and moisture incoming air, transports it to gas exchange area.
It obtains oxygen from the atmosphere and removes carbon dioxide from cells.
Other functions is that it removes particles, regulates temperature water content of air, vocal sounds, regulate blood pH, and helps in sense of smell.
Lower respiratory structures and functions
The lower respiratory tract
: Larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs.
Larynx:
is the beginning of the throat area. It's function is to transport air in and out the trachea. Also, it is the house of the vocal cords. It is enlargement at top of trachea.
Trachea:
Is in the trunk the middle of the lungs like in the beginning of the lung. It's function is a passageway air, mocuos lining continues to filter particles. It is flexible tube that connects larynx with bronchial tree.
Bronchial Tree:
It is branched tubes that lead from trachea to alveoli.Is it the. It's function is to conduct air from trachea to alveoli.
Lungs
: It is soft, cone- shaped organ that occupy a large portion of the thoracic cavity. It's function is to contain air passages, alveoli, blood vessels, connective tissue, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
Layers of the pleurae
Parietal Pleura: Outer layer
Visceral Pleura: Inner layer
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Inspiration;
Inhale. Air moves higher to lower pressure. Atmospheric pressure: is pressure exerted by air on all objects contact with it.
Maximal Inpiration:
it is a deep breath.
Expiation:
Exhale. Result passive process of elastic recoil of muscle and lung tissue. Intra- alveolar pressure increases 1mm Hg above atmospheric pressure. As a result, air rushes out of lungs into atmosphere.
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Residual Volume:
Volume air remain in lungs after maximum expiration average is ~1,200 ml, can't be measured with spirometer.
Respiratory capacities: combine of 2 or more respiratory volumes.
Expiratory reserve volume:
Volume that is exhaled during maximal force expiration, average ~1,200ml
Inspiratory capacity: IRV+TV (~3,500 ml) Functional residual capacity: ERV+Rv (~2,300 ml).
Inspiratory reserve volume:
Air that is inhaled in addition it is forced inspiration, average ~3,000ml.
Vital capacity: TV+IRV+ERV (~4,600 ml).
Tidal Volume:
Volume where air enters or leaves lungs during respiratory cycle, average ~500ml
Total lung capacity: VC+RV (~5,800 ml).
Internal vs. external respiration
Internal this is the exchange between blood and body cells.
Gas transport: the blood between the lungs and the body cells.
External expiration: this is the gas exchange between the lungs and the blood.
Disorders of the respiratory system
Pneumonia: it is a bacterial or viral infection of the lungs causes or risk factors are aspiration viral infection and a bacterial infection some symptoms are fever chills and fatigue treatment options are medication and antibiotics and oxygen therapy.
Lung cancer: it is a controlled cell growth and development of tumors in the lungs cancer. A risk factors is air pollution smoking and genetics and some symptoms are chest pain fatigue weight loss treatment options is radiation surgical removal or targeted therapy.
Tuberculosis: it is bacteria affection in the respiratory system caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some risk are causes of this disease is a drug and alcohol abuse, contagious inhale and weakens immune system. As some symptoms are fever and fatigue, chest pain, and shortness of breath and a treatment option could be surgery medication or long-term antibiotics.
Seasonal flu: it is a viral infection there are many variation of this virus and it changes rapidly ear to ear which changes the severity symptoms. Causes are risk factors is age, occupation, pregnancy. Some autism are dry cough, headache, and body ache. Treatment options are early vaccination rest and hydration or antiviral medication.
COPD: it is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma. Some causes our best factors of this disease is air pollution age and genetics. Some symptoms of the disease is chronic cough, wheezing, and heart disease. Some treatment options are medication and antibiotics.