Miranda Torres P.6 Respiratory System

Major Functions of the Respiratory System

Upper Respiratory Functions & Structures

Volume and Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

Compare & Contrast Mechanisms of Inspirations and Expiration

Layers of Pleurae

Lower Respiratory Functions & Structures

Internal vs External Respiration

Disorders of the Respiratory System

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

  • Gets oxygen & removes carbon dioxide from cell bodies
  • Has tubes that filter moisture/warm air going in and sends it go gas exchange areas, where tiny air sacs exchange gas
  • takes out particles from incoming air
  • control temp & water of air
  • provides vocal sounds
  • controls blood pH
  • sense of smell

The upper respiratory consists of nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx.
The nose provide openings for the exit of air
The nasal cavity is a hollow space posterior to the nose
The sinuses open into the nasal cavity
The pharynx is the throat & produces sounds for speech

The lower respiratory consists of larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs.
The larynx is an enlargement in the airway and transports air in and out of the trachea
The trachea is known as the windpipe and it goes downward to esophagus
The bronchial tree is a mucous membrane-lined tubular airways

Inspiration is to inhale.
Expiration is to exhale.

  • During inspiration goes from high to low pressure. Makes diaphragm go downward making the thoracic cavity big.
  • During expiration the diaphragm goes upward due to abdominal organs going to its original shape.

Volumes
Tidal Volume (TD): air that goes in and goes out of lungs during 1 respiratory cycle [~500mL]
Inspiratory Reserve Volume(IRV): air that can be inhaled in addition to tidal volume [~3000mL]
Expiratory Reserve Volume(ERV): air that can be exhaled during max expiration [~1200mL]
Residual Volume(RV): air that remains in lungs after max expiration[~1200mL]

Capacities
Inspiratory Capacity(IC): air that can be inhaled after normal resting expiration;IRV+ TV[~3500mL]
Functional Residual Capacity(FRC):air that stays in lungs after resting expiraton; ERV+RV [~2300mL]
Vital Capacity(VC): air that can be exhaled after max inspiration; TV+IRV+ERV [~4600mL]
Total Lung Capacity (TLC): air lungs can hold; VC+RV [~5800mL]

  • Visceral Pleurae: inner player attached w/ surface of each lung
  • Parietal Pleurae: outer layer lining thoracic cavity

During Inspiration air pressure increases in Thoracic Cavity, the air pressure in the lungs increases.

Internal Respiration is gas exchange between the blood and body cells

External Respiration is gas exchange between lungs and blood

Some disorders of the respiratory system are lung cancer, pneumonia, asthma, smoking, infections, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)