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Respiratory System- Kaylyn Ganiron (p.5) - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System- Kaylyn Ganiron (p.5)
MAJOR FUNCTIONS
obtain oxygen from the atmosphere and remove carbon dioxide from the body
filter incoming air and transport it into the gas exchange areas
regulates temp and water content of the air
provide vocal sounds
regulates blood pH
helps sense of smell
UPPER RESPIRATORY
STRUCTURES
nose/ nasal cavity
sinuses
pharynx = throat
FUNCTIONS
provide openings for entrance and exit of air, prevent entry of particles with coarse hairs, nasal conchae = mucous membranes
open into the nasal cavity, reduce weight of skull, chambers for the voice, aids in producing sounds for speech
filter incoming air, moisturize, area to warm
LOWER RESPIRATORY
STRUCTURES
larynx
trachea
bronchial tree
lungs
FUNCTIONS
houses the vocal cords, transport air in and out of trachea, keep particles from entering trachea, voice box, control pitch of sound = changing tension, loudness of sound
distribute air to the lungs, exchanging oxygen and CO2 (gas exchange)
windpipe, keep airway open
perform function of ventilation/ breathing
LAYERS OF THE PLEURAE
ii. parietal pleura: outer layer, lines thoracic cavity
iii. serous fluid: lubricates pleural cavity
i. visceral pleura: inner layer, attaches to surface of each lung
MECHANISM OF INSPIRATION & EXPIRATION
COMPARISON
intercostal muscles contract
ribs swing
gas exchange
CONTRAST
Inspiration
inhalation
oxygen in
diaphragm goes down
chest cavity increases
contraction
lungs inflat
pressure decreases
Expiration
exhalation
carbon dioxide out
diaphragm goes up
chest cavity decreases
relaxation
lungs deflate
pressure increases
VOLUMES AND CAPACITIES
Volumes
i. tidal volume (TV): volume of air that enters or leaves the lungs
ii. inspiratory reserve volume (IRV): volume of air that can be inhaled
iii. expiratory reserve volume (ERV): volume of air that can be exhaled
physically cannot be taken out
iv. residual volume (RV): air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration physically cannot be taken out
Capacities
i. inspiration capacity (IC): air that can be inhaled after a normal
ii. functional residual capacity (FRC): air that remains in lungs after a resting expiration
iii. vital capacity (VC): maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration
iv. total lung capacity (TLC): total volume of air the lungs can hold
INTERNAL vs. EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
External
between blood and air
Internal
between blood and tissue fluid
DISORDERS
COPD
chronic abstructive pulmonary disorder; includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma
Causes: age, genetics, dust exposure
Symptoms: wheezing, heart disease, tight chest
Treatment Options: medications, lung reduction, lung transplant
Tuberculosis
bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by Mycabacterium tuberculosis
Causes: weakened immune system, drug/ alcohol abuse, contagious, inhaled
Symptoms: chest pain, swollen lymph nodes, fever and fatigue
Treatment Options: surgery, medication, long-term antibiotics
Pneumonia
bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
Causes: aspiration, viral infection, impaired immune system
Symptoms: fever, fatigue, diarrhea
Treatment Options: medication, oxygen therapy, antibiotics
Lung Cancer
uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in the lungs
Causes: air pollution, radon gases, second-hand smoke
Symptoms: weight loss, persistent cough, fatigue
Treatment Options: radiation, chemotherapy, surgical removal
Seasonal Flu
a viral infection; there are many variations of this virus and it changes rapidly year to year which changes the severity
Causes: age, pregnancy, occupation
Symptoms: fatigue, fever, headache
Treatment Options: early infection, rest & hydration, antiviral medication