Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Respiratory System Kirsten Berg P.5 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System Kirsten Berg P.5
Major functions of the respiratory system
regulates temperature and water content of air
removes particles from incoming air
provides vocal sounds, blood PH and helps with sense of smell
intakes oxygen from atmosphere and removes carbon dioxide from body cell
Lower respiratory structures and functions
bronchial tree
secondary bronchi
each enters a lobe of lunges
branches of main bronchi
tertiary bronchi
branches of lobar bronchi
each enters a segments of lungs
primary bronchi
first branch of bronchial tree
branch directly off tranchea
leads to lungs
bronchioles
smaller tubular organs that branch off segmental bronchi
terminal bronchioles
smallest bronchioles that conducts air without performing gas exchange
branches off larger bronchioles
resiratory bronchioles
contain alveoil can preform gas change
branch of terminal bronchioles
Alvolar ducts
branches off respiratory bronchioles
alveolar sacs
consists of air sacs called alveoil
branches off alveolar ducts
lungs
primary bronchus and large blood vessels enter each lung on the medial surface
right lung larger than left lung
sperated medially by mediastinum enclosed by diaphragm and thoracic cage
contains air passages, alveoil, nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and connective tissues.
soft, spongy, cone-shaped organ of respiratory system
right has 3 lobes and left has 2 lobes
left lobes
superior and inferior
right lobes: superior, middle and inferior
because the heart takes up space in the left side
trachea
windpipe
inner wall lined with ciliated mucous membranes with many goblet cells
goblet cells product mucus traps incoming particles
splits into the right and left primary bronchi
cilia sweep mucus toward pharynx
cylindrical tube extends extends downward anterior to esophagus and into thoracic cavity
wall supported by 20 incomplete artilaginous rings keep airways open
Larynx
houses vocal cords
composed framework of the muscles and cartiilage bound by elastic tissue
transports air in and out of trachea
large cartilages larynx: thyroid cartilage ( adam apple)
enlargement in the airway superior to trachea and inferior to laryngopharynx
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Nasal Cavity
Nasal conchea is scrolled- shaped bones that divide the nasal cavity into passageways
Conchea supports mucous membranes and increase surface area to warm, moisture and filter incoming air
nasal septum dives it medially ( down the middle) and consist od bone cartilage
cilia- particles trapped in mucus carried to the pharynx
hollow space posterior to the nose
sinuses
reduces weight of the skull
mucous membrane that continuous with the lining of the nasal cavity
serves as resonant chambers for the voice
sinuese open into nasal cavity
air filled spaces like maxillary, frontal, ethmoid and spheroid bones
Nose
Supported by bone and cartilage
coarse hairs which prevent entry of particles
openings for entrance and exit of air
pharynx
aids in producing sounds for speech
subdivisions: nasopharynx, orophynx, laryngopharynx.
common passageway for air and food from the nasal and oral cavities
space behind oral and nasal cavities and larynx
Layers of the pleurae
visceral pleura
inner layer
attached to the surface of each lung
parietal pleura
lines thoracic cavity
outer layer
pleura
doubles layered serous membranes
serous fluid
lubricates the pleura cavity between 2 layers
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
inspiration
muscles expand the thoracic cavity for normal inpiration
diaphragm contracts and moves downward, enlarging the thoracic cavity
inhalation
pressure inside lungs decreases below atmospheric pressure
expiration
increased surface tension in alveoil decreases their volume
passive process of elastic recoil of muscle and lungs tissues from the surface tension within alveoli
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
increasing volume cause air pressure inside lungs to decreases
diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax and lunges recoil, decreasing volume of thoracic cavity
Respiratory volumes and capacities
capacities
functional residual (FRC)
vloume of air that remains in lungs after resting expiration (ERV+ RV) (3500ml)
inspiratory (IC)
vloume of air that can be inhaled after a normal resting expiration ( IRV +TC) (3,500ml)
vital (VC)
max volume of air that can be exhaled after a max inspiratiom (TV +Irv = ERv ) (4600 ml)
atomic dead space
volume of air remaming in the bronchial tree that is not involved in gas exchange
total lung (TLC)
total volume of air lungs can hold ( VC+RC) (5800ml)
vaires with age, gender and body size
volumes
Inspiratory reserve ( IRV)
volume of air that inhaled in addition to TD during forced inspiration (3000ml)
Expiratory reserve ( ERV)
volume of air that can be exhaled during a max exiration beyond TV (1200ml)
tidal ( TV)
volume of air that enters and leaves the lunges during on respiratory cycle (550ml)
Residual (RV)
volume of air that remains in lungs after a max expiration ( 1200ml)
can not be measured in spirometer
Internal vs. external respiration
internal
atmospheric pressure: exerted by air on all objects in, contact with it
muscle and abdominal wall muscle, which compresses rib cage and abdominal walls
external
contracts to move ribs and sternum upward and outward
muscle relax and lungs recoil, decreasing volume of thoracic cavity
Disorders of the respiratory system
Pneumonia
Risk factors
bacterial infection
aspiration
viral infection
symptoms
fever
shortness of breath
fatigue
description
Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
treatment
antibiotics
oxygen therapy
over the counter medication
lung cancer
Risk factors
smoking ( 90% of cases)
second hand smoke
asbestos exposure
symptoms ( later stages)
shortness of breath
blood in sputum
chest pain
description
uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumor in the lungs
treatment
chemotherapy
surgical removal
radiation
Tuberculosis
Risk factors
drug & alcohol abuse
care/live with TB Patients
contagious, inhaled
symptoms
chest pain
fever and fatigue
latent TB asymptomatic
description
Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
treatment
surgery
medication
long term antibiotics
Seasonal flu
Risk factors
Age
droplets
occupation
symptoms
fatigue
congestion
Dry cough
description
a viral infection; there are many variation of this virus and it changes rapidly year to year which changes the severity of symptoms
treatment
over the counter medication
antiviral medication
early vaccination
COPD
Risk factors
Asthmatic bronchitis
air pollution
Tobacco smoke
symptoms
tight chest
wheezing
chronic cough
description
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma
treatment
medications
bronchodilators
smoking cessation