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Respiratory system: Vannessa Flores p5 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory system: Vannessa Flores p5
Major functions
External respiration
- The gas exchanges between the blood and body cells
Gas Transport
- in blood between lungs and body cells
ventilation (breathing)
-The movement of air into and out of the lungs
Internal Respiration
- gas exchange between the blood and body cells
Respiration
- Process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and cells
Cellular respiration
- oxygen use by the cells and production of carbon dioxide
Mucous Membranes
- of bronchial tree filter, warm, and humidify incoming air
Upper respiratory structures & functions
Nasal cavity:
- support of mucous membranes and increases the surface area to warm, moisturize, and filter incoming air.
sinuses:
- open into the nasal cavity, lined with mucous membrane, reduce weight of skull, serve as resonate chambers for the voice.
Nose:
- Nostrils that provide and entrance and exit of air, contains coarse hairs that prevent the entry of particles
pharynx (throat):
- passageway for air and food from nasal & oral cavities, aids is sounds for speech, has 3 subdivisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Lower respiratory structures & functions
Trachea:(windpipe)
-inner wall lined with a cilliated mucous membrane with many goblet cells,cillia sweeps the mucous toward the pharynx where it is swallowed
Bronchial tree:
consists of branched mucous membranes lined tubular airways, 1st bronchi branches of the brochial tree into each lung, 2nd bronchi branches into main bronchi into each enters a lobe of a lung, Tertiary bronchi branches into the lobar bronchi into a segment of a lung
Larynx:
- transports air in and out of trachea, house for vocal cords, helps keep particles from entering the trachea
Lungs
:- soft spongy cone shaped organs or the respiratory system, separated by the Mideastern and enclosed by the diaphragm and thoracic cage
Layers of pleurae
Parietal pleura:
- outer layer that lines the thoracic cavity
serous fluid:
-lubricates the pleural cavity between 2 layers
visceral pleura:
- inner layer that attaches tho the surface of each lung
Volume & pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Increasing the
volume
of the thoracic cavity causes air pressure inside the lungs to decrease (an inverse relationship
When
pressure
inside the lungs decreases below atmospheric pressure, air flows in from in the atmosphere
Respiratory volumes and capacities:
Spirometry
- study of various air volumes that move into and out of the lungs due to different degrees of effort
Respiratory volumes: (4)
Residual volume(RV):
volume that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration; average is ~1,200 mL; cannot be measured with a spirometer
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV);
volume of air that can be exhaled during maximal forced expiration, beyond the tidal volume; average is ~1.200 mL
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV):
volume of air that can be inhaled in addition to the tidal volume, during forced inspiration:average is ~3,000 mL
Tidal volume (TV);
volume of air that enters or leaves the lungs during one respiratory cycle; average is ~500 mL
Respiratory capacities
; combinations of 2 or more respiratory volumes.
FUnctional residual capacity (FRC)
is volume of air that remains in the lungs after a resting expiration; ERV+RV(~2,300 mL)
Vital capcity (VC)
is maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximial inspiration; TV+IRV+ERV(~4,600ml)
Inspiratory capacity(IC)
is volume of air that can be inhales after a normal, resting expiration; IRV+TV (~3,500ml)
Total lung capacity (TLC
) is total volume of air the lungs can hold; VC+RV(~5,800mL); varies with age, gender, body size
Internal vs. external respiration
Internal respiration
- gas exchange between the blood and body cells
External respiration-
The gas exchange between lungs and blood
Disorders of the respiratory system
Pneumonia
- baterial infection of the lungs
Tuberculosis
- Bacterial infection infection in the respiratory system caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
seasonal flu
- viral infection, there are many variations
Lung cancer-
Uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in the lungs
Right lung
is larger and has 3 lobes ( superior, middle, and inferior) ----
Left lung
is smaller and has 2 lobes (superior and inferior)