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Respiratory System Tayelar Moscal Period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System
Tayelar Moscal
Period 5
Major Functions:
Acquires Oxygen and transports it throughout the body
Excretes Carbon Dioxide
Creates vocal sounds
Aids in smell
Keeps temperature/water in air and blood pH balanced
Layers of Pleura:
Visceral Pleura:
inner layer; lines lungs
Parietal Pleura:
outer layer; lines thoracic cavity
-
Serous Fluid
lies in between the layers
Lower Respiratory
Trachea:
Splits into Left/Right
Bronchi
Lined with
Ciliated Mucous Membranes
that contains
Goblet Cells
that make mucous to confine particles
Lungs:
Holds main blood vessels, nerves, air passages, alveoli, and lymphatic vessels used for Respiratory System
Bronchial Tree:
Primary Bronchi
->
Secondary Bronchi
->
Tertiary Bronchi
->
Bronchioles
->
Terminal Bronchioles
->
Respiratory Bronchioles
->
Alveolar Ducts
->
Alveolar Sacs
->
Alveoli
Transports air from Trachea to Alveoli
Larynx:
Conducts air in/out of trachea
Prevents particles from getting into trachea
Holds vocal cords
Adam's Apple is additional cartilage
Upper Respiratory
Nose:
Entrance/Exit for air
Hairs in the nostrils filter out particles
Nasal Cavity:
Transports air to the pharynx
Nasal Conchae
holds mucous membranes that warm, moisten, and filter air and particles
Sinuses:
Reduces weight from the skull
An open space for our voice
Filled with air
Pharynx:
Throat
Passageway for food and air
Helps create sound
Mechanisms of Breathing
Inspiration:
Breathe in
Lungs take in oxygen
Air pressure lowers
Diaphragm
contracts and
External Intercostal Muscles
contract (move ribs and sternum); this makes the thoracic cavity expand
It causes
surface tension
which causes lungs to expand
Expiration:
Breathe out
Lungs exhale Carbon Dioxide
Air pressure increases
All muscles involved relax and return to original shape/location =
elastic recoil
Volume and Pressure:
Boyle's Law:
if factors like temperature are constant, pressure and volume have an inverted relationship
When the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, the air pressure in the lungs will decrease
When the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, the air pressure in the lungs will increase
Respiratory Volumes/Capacities
Volumes:
Tidal Volume
TV
:
(approx. 500mL) air that enters/exits lungs in one respiration cycle
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
IRV
:
(approx. 3,000mL) air that enters lungs in addition to
TV
"forced inhalation"
Expiratory Reserve Volume
ERV
:
(approx. 1,200mL) air that leaves lungs in addition to
TV
"forced exhalation"
Residual Volume
RV
:
(approx. 1,200mL) air left in lungs after exhalation
Capacities:
Inspiratory Capacity
IC
:
(approx. 3,500mL) air that can be inhaled after "normal expiration"
= IRV + TV
Functional Residual Capacity
FRC
:
(approx. 2,300mL) air that stay in lungs after "normal expiration"
= ERV + RV
Vital Capacity
VC
:
(approx. 4,600mL) MAX air that can be exhaled after "max inhalation"
= TV + IRV + ERV
Total Lung Capacity
TLC
:
(approx. 5,800) air that lungs can hold
= VC + RC
Internal/External Respiration
External Respiration:
When the lungs take in fresh oxygen, then supplies the red blood cells with it to transport it throughout the body
Internal Respiration:
After the red blood cells obtain the oxygen it is then able to replenish the body cells with the oxygen