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Respiratory System-Merari Hernandez Period-5 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System-Merari Hernandez Period-5
Layers of pleurae
Visceral pleurae- inner layer-attached to the surface of each lung
Parietal Pleurae-outer layer-lines the thoracic cavity
Serous Fluid-lubricates the pleural cavity. In between the 2 layers of pleurae
Upper Respiratory
Structures- Nose, Nasal Cavity, Sinuses, Pharynx
Functions- Nose: Nostrils provide entrance/exit of air
Nasal Cavity: Conchae support mucous membranes, and increase the surface area to
warm, moisturize, and filter incoming air
Paranal Sinuses: Open into the nasal cavity and serve as resonant chambers for the voice
Pharynx: Common passageway for air and food from nasal & oral cavities and aids in speech
Inspiration and Expiration
Inspirtation
Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles expand the thoracic cavity for normal inspiration
Diaphrgam-contracts and moves downward-enlarges thoraic cavity
External costals contract to move ribs and sternum upward/outward
Muscle contraction results in pressure falling to 2mm
causing air to rush into lungs
Expiration
Results from passive process of elastic recoil of muscles of the muscles and lung tissues
Diaphragam and external intercostal muscles relax
Lungs recoil decreasing volume of thoraic cavity
Functions of Respiratory System
Obtains oxygen from atmosphere and removes carbon dioxide from body cells.
Removes particles from incoming air, regulates temperature and water content from air.
Lower Respiratory
Structures- Larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs
Functions- Larynx- Transports air in and out of the trachea and helps keep particles from entering trachea. Houses vocal cords
Trachea- Splits into right and left primary bronchi.Inner wall is lined with ciliated mucous membrane with many
goblet cells that traps incoming particles
Bronchial Tree-
Volume and Pressure
Pressure and Volume relationships
As volume increases pressure decreases and as volume drecreases pressure increases
Volumes and Capacity
Volumes
Residual volume (RV)-Volume of air that remains in the lungs even after a maximal
expiration
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)-Maximal volume of air that can be exhaled at the end of a resting
expiration
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)-Maximal volume of air that can be inhaled at the end of a resting
inspiration
Tidal volume (TV)-Volume of air moved in or out of the lungs during a respiratory
cycle
Capacity
Inspiratory capacity (IC)-Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following exhalation
of resting tidal volume: IC = TV + IRV
Vital capacity (VC) -Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after taking the
deepest breath possible: VC = TV + IRV + ERV
Functional residual capacity (FRC) -Volume of air that remains in the lungs following exhalation of
resting tidal volume: FRC = ERV + RV
Total lung capacity (TLC)-Total volume of air that the lungs can hold: TLC = VC + RV
Disorders
lung cancer
tuberculosis.
pulmonary hypertension