Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Respiratory System Yoselin Orozco Madrigal Per 6 Honors Anatomy - Coggle…
Respiratory System Yoselin Orozco Madrigal Per 6 Honors Anatomy
Disorders of Respiratory System:
Tonsillitis:
blocks air passage causing infected & swollen tonsils
Laryngitis:
inflammation of vocal folds resulting in changes to vocal tone caused by infection
Smoking:
destroys cilia and can be cured/restored within weeks if stopped in time
Heimlich Maneuver:
procedure in which air in victim's lungs is used to pop out pieces of food. Will cause suffocation after choking on a piece of food
Pleurisy:
inflammation of pleurae produces pressure to lung & hinder breathing
Pleural Effusion:
fluid accumulation in pleural cavity
Atelectasis:
lung collapse due to plugged bronchioles
Respiratory Volumes & Capacities:
Volumes:
Residual Volume:
amount of air that always remains in lungs
Expiratory Reserve Volume:
amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from lungs (1000-1200 ml)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume:
air that can be inspired forcibly beyonf tidal volume ( 2100-3200 ml)
Tidal Volume:
air moved into & out of lung (500ml)
Capacities
:
Functional Residual Capacity:
sum of residual & expiratory reserve volume
Vital Capacity:
sum of tidal, inspiratory & expiratory volume
Inspiratory Capacity:
sum of tidal & inspiratory reserve volume
Total lung Capacity:
sum of all lung volumes
Volume & Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity:
Pressure:
Intrapulmonary Pressure:
pressure in alveoli fluctuates w/ breathing
Transpulmonary Pressure:
keeps lung spaces open keeping lungs from collapsing
Atmospheric Pressure:
pressure by air surrounding the body
Intrapleural Pressure:
pressure in pleural cavity fluctuating w/ breathing always being a negative pressure
Internal vs. External Respiration:
Internal Respiration:
gas exchange in body tissues involving capillary
External:
External Respiratory:
pulmonary gas exchange involving exchange of O2 & CO2
Partial Pressure:
pressure gradient for O2 exists between blood & lungs
Compare & Contrast the Mechanism of Inspiration & Expiration:
Inspiration:
gases flow INTO lungs
Action of Intercostal Muscles:
rib cage is lifted up & out
Action of Diaphram:
increase in thoracic volume
Expiration:
gases EXITS lungs
Forced Expiration:
oblique & transverse abdominal muscles
Non-respiratory Air Movements:
moves air into or out of lungs and can modify normal respiratory rhythm
Layers of Pleurae:
Parietal Pleura:
membrane on thoraic wall around the heart & between lungs
Visceral Pleura:
membrane on external lung
Pleurae:
thin, double layered that divides thoraic cavity
`Upper Respiratory Structures & Functions:
Paranasal Sinuses:
lightens skull, secrete mucus & warms/moistens air
Pharynx:
Oropharynx:
Food and air passage way
Nasopharynx
: for air passage ONLY during swallowing
Laryngopharynx:
Food & air passageway but goes further down Oropharynx
Nasal Cavity:
filters coarse particles from inspired air and has ciliated cells that sweep contaminated mucus
Nose:
airway for respiration, moistens & warms air, filters & cleans air and is a chamber for chamber of spleen
Nasal Conchae:
increase mucosal area & enhance air turbulence
Lower Respiratory Structures & Functions:
Bronchi & Branches:
Respiratory Zone:
terminal bronchioles leading into alveolar ducts and then into sacs
Respiratory Membrane:
Blood air barrier with alveolar walls allowing gas exchange
Conducting Zone:
Right main bronchi which is smaller & wider and with time will become smaller and smaller
Lungs & Alveoli:
Alveoli Wall:
single layer of squamous epithelium
Right Lung:
has 3 layers(superior,middle & inferior) with a horizontal fissure
Left Lung:
has 2 layers ( superior & inferior) being smaller with oblique fissures
Trachea:
expands from larynx into mediastinum dividing into bronchi
Larynx:
known as voice box and provides airway, routes air & food, houses vocal cords & for voice protection
Epiglottis:
voice protection with vestibular folds (true vocal cords) and vocal ligaments ( true vocal cords)
Major Functions of Respiratory System:
Gives oxygen & removes carbon dioxide for cellular respiration
Respiratory System:
External Respiration:
exchange of O2 & CO2 between lungs & blood
Pulmonary Ventilation:
for breathing with movement of air into & out of lungs
Circulatory System:
Transport:
Transports O2 & CO2 in blood
Internal Respiration:
exchange of O2 & CO2 between systemic blood vessels & tissues