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Respiratory System Eyvette Villalobos p.2 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System
Eyvette Villalobos p.2
Major functions of the respiratory system
brings oxygen in and releases carbon dioxide
removes particles from incoming air
regulates temperature and water content of the air
provides vocal sounds,
regulates blood pH
helps in scene of smell
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Nose
opening for air to go in and out
Supported by bone and cartilage
nostril have hair to catch particles going in
nasal cavity
Divided by nasal septum, made of bone & cartilage
articles caught in the mucus are carried to the pharynx by the cilia
Hollow space posterior to the nose
sinuses
Air-filled spaces in the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
Sinuses lead into the nasal cavity
mucous membrane lines them and leads to lining the nasal
cavity
makes skull lighter
pharynx
helps make sounds for speech
behind oral and nasal cavities and larynx
3 subdivisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Lower respiratory structures and functions
trachea
Splits into right and left primary bronchi
Goblet cells makes mucus that stops incoming particles
inner wall is lined with ciliated mucous membrane
Wall is supported by 20 C-shaped cartilaginous
rings that keep the airway open
bronchial tree
Primary bronchi
: first branches of the bronchial tree; branches directly off the trachea each leads to a lung
Secondary bronchi
: branches of the main bronchi each enters
a lobe of a lung
Tertiary bronchi
: branches off the lobar bronchi each enters a
part of a lung
Bronchioles: smaller tubes that branch off the
segmental bronchi
Terminal bronchioles: branches off larger bronchioles; smallest
bronchioles that conduct air, without performing gas exchange
lungs
takes up most of thoracic cavity
enclosed by the
diaphragm and thoracic cage
Separated by the mediastinum,
Right lung
has 3 lobes (superior, middle, and inferior),
left lung
2 lobes (superior and inferior)
Larynx
made by muscles and cartilage held together by
elastic tissue
Houses the vocal cords
brings air in and out of the trachea
Glottis
true vocal cords and opening between them
epiglottis
can cover the opening to the glottis
Layers of the pleurae
Visceral pleura
: inner layer; attached to the surface of each lung
Serous fluid lubricates the pleural cavity between the 2 layers
Parietal pleura
: outer layer; lines the thoracic cavity
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
inspiration is When you inhale the air to the lungs the diaphram contacts and expiration is when you exhale the air the diagram expands from your lungs and comes out through the mouth and nose. And what inspiration and expiration have in common is that they use the same pathway for the air to enter and leave the body.
Internal vs. external respiration
Internal Respiraton: he trocess of ntems respirason s the ollusing oxygen from the blood and into tie intestinal thad and into the calle
Internal Respiraton: he trocess of ntems respirason s the ollusing oxygen from the blood and into tie intestinal thad and into the calle
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Tidal volume (TV) 500 mL Volume of air moved in or out of the lungs during a respiratory
cycle
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) 3,000 mL Maximal volume of air that can be inhaled at the end of a resting
inspiration
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) 1,100 mL Maximal volume of air that can be exhaled at the end of a resting
expiration
Residual volume (RV) 1,200 mL Volume of air that remains in the lungs even after a maximal
expiration
Vital capacity (VC) 4,600 mL Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after taking the
deepest breath possible: VC = TV + IRV + ERV
Inspiratory capacity (IC) 3,500 mL Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following exhalation
of resting tidal volume: IC = TV + IRV
Functional residual capacity (FRC) 2,300 mL Volume of air that remains in the lungs following exhalation of
resting tidal volume: FRC = ERV + RV
Total lung capacity (TLC) 5,800 mL Total volume of air that the lungs can hold: TLC = VC + RV
Respiratory Disorders
(COPD)
description
-makes it more difficult to breath includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis
symptoms
-Cough, infections, dyspnea, wheezing, fatigue
Tuberculosis
description
-Bacterial infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
symptoms
-Cough with blood or mucus fatigue, fever, chills, night sweat, weight loss
Pneumonia
description
-Inflammation and fluid in the lungs
symptoms
- Cough, muscle ache, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, chills, fever
Lung Cancer
description
-Mass of uncontrolled cell growth in
the lungs
symptoms
-Recurrent cough, chest pain, dyspnea, wheezing, headache, weight loss
Asthma
description
-Inflammation of the bronchial tubes
symptoms
-Cough, dyspnea, chest pain, wheezing