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Respiratory System Ricardo Hernandez Per. 2 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System
Ricardo Hernandez
Per. 2
Disorders of the Respiratory System
COPD
It is a disorder when your pulmonary system starts to have a weird disorder whenever you start to breath. This can be cause by if a person is smoking a lot, or if you are smelling exposed chemicals. Symptoms can be having trouble to breath, or wheezing, having really bad cough of blood. Can only be treated to medications, or more.
Tubercolosis
It is a bacterial infection on the respiratory system. It can be contagious if you are near a person who has this and if you breath around that person, and this will weakened your immune system. The symptoms for them is that you can be coughing off blood, or you having a big weight loss, or cold sweats. The only way is to cure it is surgery, or medication, and antibiotics.
Pneumonia
It is a bacterial infection in your lungs that can cause fevers, chills, and even shortness of breath. The only treatment for this medications, antibiotics, or oxygen therapy.
Lung Cancer
It can be tumors on your lungs or cells that are uncontrolled of growth and the only way is to get them is smoking a lot of cigarettes, sometimes people can get it from second-hand smoking too, or even exposure from asbestos. It can give you chest pain, shortness of breath, or even blood in the sternum. The only way is cure is to into chemotherapy, or surgical removal.
Seasonal Flu
It is an infections that is so viral that there is many other variations of it from developing it for many years. It can caught by inhaling infections things, or occupation. This can make you dry cough, congestion, or even fatigue. The only way to cure it is to vaccinate early, or antiviral medications.
Upper Respiratory structures and functions
Nasal Cavity
It is divided by the nasal septum, they have a nasal conchae and they can support by making the nasal cavity smooth, and produce mucous.
Nose
It is one of the air holes that can provide air around the body,and it has nose hairs that can prevent any other stuff to enter whenever you breath
Sinuses
The sinuses can help reduce weight of the skull, or head and is a support of your voice.
Pharynx
It can produce sounds when you speak and it the pipe for whenever you eat food or water.
Lower Respiratory structures and functions
Larynx
It is the vocals cords and helps changes the way you sound, helps transport air in and out, and has the thyroid cartilage or called the Adam's Apple.
Glottis is the what is called the true vocal cord and when you breath the glottis is open an helps produce sound when the glottis is open when breathing.
Epiglottis can help cover the glottis and it helps air open to the larynx
Trachea
Also known as the windpipe, it is cylindrical tube that is connected to the lungs and has goblet cells that can produce mucus in order to prevent particles to go into the trachea
Bronchial Tree
It is a branch that is consists alveoli at the very end of their branches but it also structures of branches that have names to help the bronchial tree to functions.
Secondary Bronchi
This known as the main branch, and can enter the lobe of the lungs
Tertiary bronchi
They are just branches that can enter some segments of the lungs
Primary Bronchi
It is the first branch of the bronchial tree, and they lead to the windpipe and into the lungs
Bronchi can also have bronchial and they consist to help the bronchi out
Respiratory bronchioles
They can perform gas exchange and they alveoli
Terminal bronchial
That are just smaller tives that can breath smaller air particles but they can not exchange gas.
Alveolar ducts
This is helped to product alveoli sacs
alveolar sacs
Alveolar sacs can then produce alveoli
Alveoli
1 more item...
Lungs
They are shaped as a spongy, and cone shaped structure to help supply the air from around your body.
Pleura
Visceral Pleura
It is the inner layer of the lungs
Parietal Layer
It just the outer layer of the lungs
Serous Fluid
It is between the two layers of the lungs and they help moist the lungs's layers between them.
Inspiration and Expiration
Inspiration
When high or low pressure happens when you breath the lungs move and they are help with atmosphere pressure.
Atmosphere Pressure
It helps the air to go into the lungs when the air is pressured by force and it is contacted with the lungs
When the lungs goes into low pressure then the lungs goes down and when it has high pressure in the lungs and the lungs goes up then you can see that your chest goes up when you are breathing in
There are two structure on why the lungs move up and down and how does it do it
Diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles
Diaphragm
It helps the muscles to contract making them moves downwards
External intercostal muscles
They can contract to the ribs and sternum making those structures to up and and down
Maximum inspiration
Also known as a deep breath, it makes the thoracic cavity to expand even more and then before and has to consisted with several muscles to help make you take a deep breath.
Surface Tension
It is between the layers of the pleura and it helps makes the lungs expand when the thoracic cavity expands as well.
Surfactant
It helps alveoli from collapsing by making it inflate itself.
Expiration
Normal Expiration
it has result such as the passive progress of the elastic recoil that it is consisted making the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles to relax when you breath out
Forced Expiration
It just allows more air to go in your lungs than normal
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
Spirometry
It is a study of many variations of the air volumes that is move in and out of the lungs
Respiratory Volumes
Inspiratory reserve volume
the average is 3000 mL, an air of volume that is inhaled with the combined of the tidal volume
Expiratory Reserve Volume
The average is 1200 mL, it is far from the tidal volume and air is exhaled when a maximal force of air is happening.
Tidal Volume
The average is 500mL, the volume of air just enters and leaves by just one respiratory system
Residual Volumes
The average is about 1200mL, it is a volume of air that is remained from the lungs when the maximal is after it's force
Respiratory Capacities
Vital Capacity
This is the maximum of volume that is exhaled when the maximal inspiration is after TV + IRV + ERV (4,600 mL).
Total Lung Capacity
It is the air the lungs can hold, VC + RV (5,800).
Functional residual capacity
Air of volume that is remain after a resting expiration, ERV + RV (2,300 mL).
Anatomic dead space
It is the volume of air that is remain in the bronchial tree, and no gas exchange involved.
Inspiratory Capacity
It is a volume of air that is inhaled after a normal breathing, has the combination of IRV + TV (3,500 mL).