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Respiratory System Arianna Reyes P.1 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System Arianna Reyes P.1
Major Functions of Respiratory
Supplies the body with 02 for cellular respiration and dispose of CO2, a waste product
Respiration has 4 processes
Respiratory System
Pulmonary ventilation and external respiration
Circulatory System
Transport of O2 and CO2 in blood and internal respiration
Upper Respiratory Structures
Nose & nasal cavity
Airway for respiration, moistens and warms entering air, filters and cleans inspired air, resonating chamber for speech, olfactory receptors
Paranasal Sinuses
Lightens skull, secretes mucus, warms and moistens air
Pharynx
Contains 3 regions
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Lower Respiratory Structures
Larynx
Routes air and food into proper channels. Is also contributor of voice production
Trachea
To the larynx into mediastinum which divides the two main bronchi
Bronchi
Passages undergo 23 orders or branching that leads to the bronchial tree
Lungs
Occu[y all of thoracic cavity and is the site of all things respiratory
Layers of Pleurae
Thin layered serosal membrane that divides the thoracic cavity into two compartments and mediastinum
Parietal pleura
: membrane on thoracic wall, superior to the diaphragm, heart, but in between the lungs
Visceral pleura
: membrane on external lung surface
Compare and Contrast Inspiration and Expiration
Inspiration
: gases travel into the lungs
Expiration
: gases travel out of the lungs
They are both processes of pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
Volume and Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity
Atmospheric pressure (Patm)
760 mm Hg at sea level = 1 atmosphere
Intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul)
Pressure in alveoli and fluctuates with breathing. It always equals Patm
Transpulmonary pressure (Ppul-Pip)
Keeps lung spaces open
Intrapleural pressure (Pip)
Always negative pressure (<Patm & <Ppul) and two inward forces promote lung collapse: lung's natural tendency to recoil and surface tension of alveolar fluid
Respiratory Volume and Capacities
Tidal volume (TV)
: amount of air into and out of the lung with each breath
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
: amount of air that can be forcibly inspired beyond TV
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
: amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from lungs
Residual volume (RV)
: air that always remains in the lungs
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
: sum of TV + IRV
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
: sum of RV + ERV
Vital Capacity (VC)
: sum of TV + IRV + ERV
Total Lung capacity (TLC)
: sum of all lung volumes
Internal v. External Respiration
External Respiration
: diffusion of gases between blood and lungs
Partial pressure gradients and gas solublities
Internal Respiration
: diffusion of gases between blood and tissues
Involves capillary gas exchange in body tissue
Disorders of Respiratory
Tonsillitis
: infected, swollen tonsils block air to nasopharynx which forces to breathe through the mouth
Pleurisy
: inflammation of pleurae often from pneumonia
Pleural effusion
: fluid accumulation in pleural cavity
Laryngitis
: inflamed vocal folds which causes the vocal cords to swell
Atelectasis
: lung collapse due to plugged bronchioles
Pneumothorax
: alveoli collapse air in pleaural cavity