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Noah Lopez Respiratory system Period 1 Antomy and phsysiology - Coggle…
Noah Lopez
Respiratory system
Period 1 Antomy and phsysiology
Major functions of the Respiratory system
Suppling the body with Oxygen and the movement of air thorugh the lungs.
Dispose of Carbon Dioxide
Offacation and speech
Pulmonary ventilation (Breathing): Movement of hair in and out of lungs
External Respiration: Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide between lungs and blood
Internal Respiration: Exhancge of oxygen and carbon dioxide between system blood vessels and tissues (circulatory system and respiratory system work closely together)
Upper structures and functions
Nose and Nasal Cavity: The nose is the only external part of the respiratory system.
Provides airway for our respiration
Houses our olfactory receptors for smell
Serves as a chamber for speech
Filters and mostiens inspiring air
Filters and cleans inspiring air
Nasal cavity: Found posterior and within the nose, being divided by the nasal septum
Nasal Vestibule: Nasal Cavity that is superior to the nostrils, that filters inspired air lined with mucous membranes amd psudostrastified ciliated columnar epithelium
Nasal Conchae: Mucose covered projections that protrude medically from each wall of nasal cavity as they filter, moisten, and heat inspired air.
Paranasal sinuses: A ring around the nasal cavities that secretes mucous, lightens our skull, and warms our air.
Pharynx: Funnel shaped muscular tube that runs from the base of the skull to vertebra, as it connects the nasal cavity to larynx and esophagus. It is composed of skeletal muscle.
Oropharynx: The passageway for food and air from the level of soft palate to epiglottis, it contains the palatine tonsils and the lingual tonsils.
Laryngopharynx: The passage way for food and air, that is posterior to the upright epiglottis, extending the larynx.
Nasopharynx: An airpassageway that is posterior to the nasal cavity; it contains uvula that close the nasopharnxy during swallowing
Lower structures and functions
Larynx(voice box): Extends from the 3rd to 6th cervical vertebra as it attaches to the hyoid bone. It provides patent airway, routes air and food into proper channels, and allows for our voiced production.
Thyroid catilage: large shield shaped cartilage that is also holds are Adam’s apple.
Epiglottis: Consist of elastic cartilage , it covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing, and is covered in taste bud containging mucosa. It holds our vocal folds which vibrate to produce sound.
Glottis: Opening between our vocal folds that vibrate as air rushes from lungs.
Trachea:extends from the larynx into the mediatinusm , as it divides into the two main bronchi. Its wall is composed of these layers, the Mucosa, Submucosa, and the Adventitia.
Bronchi and Branches: This is what the trachea divide into the lungs. The two main bronchi are the right and left main bronchi.
Lungs and alveoli: They directly connect to the pulmonary circut of the circulator system. They are where the lungs and blood exchange oxygen.
Diaphragm: The muscle that contracts and enables breathing in and out to happen. It rest under the lungs to enable breathing.
Layers of the Pleurae
Pleurae: The thin double layered membrane that divides the thoracic cavity into the pleural compartments and mediastinum
Parietal pleura: Membrane on the thoracic wall, superior face on tbe diaphragm, that’s around the heart and between the lungs.
Visceral pleura: Membrane on the external lung surface
Pleural fluid that fills the pleural vanity between two pleurae, that provides lubrication that assist in expansion and recoil of lungs
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration.
Inspiration: When gas flows into the lungs , Is an active process involving the inspiraotry muscles
Diaphragm: It contracts when inspiration occurs and it flattens out. The rib cage is lifted up and out.
Forced: Occurs during vigors exercise or with people who have COPD, with the throacic cage increasing and larger pressure is in the lungs.
Expiration: When gas goes out form the lungs, normally a passive process.
The inpiraroty muscles relax, the thoracic cavity volume decreases, and the lungs recoil.
Forces expiration: An active process that uses the obliques and transverse abs.
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Atmospheric pressure: Pressure exerted by the air that surrounds the body 760mm Hg at sea level.
Intrapulmonary pressure: Pressue that is in the alveoli that fluctuates with breathing
Transpulmonary pressure: Pressure that is able to keep the lungs open and from collapsing.
Intrapleural pressure: Pressure in the Laura’s cavity that fluctuates with breathing. The pressure is always negative that promotes lung colllapse.
Tidal volumes: Amount of air moved into and out of lungs which each breath
Inspiratory reserve volume: Amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond tidal volume(2100-3200)
Expiratory reserve volume: Amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs (1000-1200)
Residual volume: Amount of air that always remains in the lungs, as its needed to keep alveoli open
Capacities
Inspiraotry capacity: sum of tidal volume and ispiratory reserve volume
Functional residual capacity: Sume of Residual volume ad expiratory reserve volume
Vital capacity: Sum of tidal volume, ispiratory volume, and expiratory volume
Total lung capacity: Sum of all lung volumes
Internal vs external respiration
External respiration: diffusion of gases between blood and lungs
Involves the exchange of O2 and CO2 across respiratory membranes
Internal respiration:diffusion of gases between blood and tissues
Disorders of the Respiratory system
Tonsillitis: Air isn’t able to be properly moistened, warmed, or filtered before entering lungs. Speech and sleep may be affected as a direct result. Tonsils can be surgically removed to treat this.
Laryngitis: inflammation of the vocal cords causing for them to swell. Changes our vocal tone and speaking is only limited to a whisper
Smoking: Destroys cilia, and can destroy the lungs. It can eventually lead to lung cancer and without the cilia mucous forms in the lungs.
Pleurisy: Inflammaitno of the pleurae that often results from Pneumonia. The pleurae become rough resulting with abnormal breath.
Atelectasis: Lung collapse due to plugged bronchioles, which cause the collapse of alveoli.